维-汉双语阅读障碍儿童双语加工的神经机制研究

Developmental dyslexia (DD) refers to the children which not only have normal intelligence, emotion and equal educational opportunities ,but also have same social and cultural background. And the obvious audio-visual and diseases of the nervous system were excluded..But,that children have special kind of learning in reading learning difficulties. In our previous epidemiological studies, we found that the positive screening rate was 7.93%, which was higher than that of the Han nationality children in Xinjiang that the positive screening rate was 4.69%. At present, it is still unclear what the language processing mechanism of the Uyghur chinese bilingual children with dyslexia. The purpose of this study is intended a case-control study method which using fMRI and ERP to explore things. The purpose is respectively exploring in shape, pronunciation, semantic and word, term, sentence processing which the blood flow changes and reading about brain regions which related Chinese reading. And the study also explores that the direction, amplitude and duration of evoked potentials in different processing tasks. In order to understand the dynamic changes of the brain during reading, and to analyze the relationship between the brain and reading disorders. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the neurobiological mechanism, diagnosis and intervention of the Uyghur chinese bilingual dyslexia.

发展性阅读障碍（Developmental Dyslexia, DD）是指儿童拥有正常的智力、情感，均等的教育机会和相同的社会文化背景，并排除明显的视听觉和神经系统疾病，但是在阅读方面出现的一种特殊的学习困难状态。在我们前期的流行病学研究发现，新疆维吾尔族儿童阅读障碍的阳性筛查率为7.93%，高于同地区汉族儿童阅读障碍的阳性筛查率(4.69%)。目前，维-汉双语发展性阅读儿童语言加工机制仍不明确。本研究拟采用病例对照研究方法，利用fMRI（功能性磁共振）和ERP（事件相关电位）技术，分别探索在字形、语音、语义以及单字、词语、语句的加工中，相关脑区的血流量变化情况，以及不同加工任务在脑中诱发电位的方向、波幅及时间进程，以了解脑在阅读不同语言时激活的动态变化。本研究将为维-汉双语阅读障碍的神经生物学机制、诊断和干预提供理论基础。

本项目对新疆地区7-12岁儿童开展汉语阅读障碍及汉语阅读障碍共患注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的流行病学调查，先后调查13800名儿童，去除无效问卷，检出阅读障碍儿童610人，检出率为5.51%；阅读障碍共患注意缺陷多动障碍儿童146人，检出率1.32%。运用行为学研究方法、ERP技术及遗传学研究方法，探索新疆地区发展性阅读障碍儿童神经加工机制及致病基因。研究发现：（1）新疆汉语阅读障碍儿童纯音、语音分辨能力、语音感知能力低于正常对照儿童，阅读障碍与正常对照儿童MMN、P1、N1c、N2 脑电成分存在差异；（2）新疆汉语阅读障碍儿童和正常对照儿童均执行字符判断任务及词汇判断任务时，正确率均显著低于正常对照组，比较两组儿童执行任务时脑电成分，发现N400效应显著；（3）新疆汉语阅读障碍儿童存在三维心理旋转、视觉空间注意、视觉知觉、视觉空间工作记忆和视觉运动整合能力认知加工缺陷；（4）视频动作游戏干预对新疆汉语阅读障碍儿童三维心理旋转、视觉空间注意、视觉知觉有提升作用，但是对视觉空间工作记忆、视觉运动整合能力干预效果并不明显；（5）CNTNATP2基因多态位点rs3779031、DRD2基因多态位点rs6275、GRIN2B基因多态位点rs1012586、rs7301328及SLC6A3基因多态位点rs2652511与新疆汉语阅读障碍存在关联；FOXP2基因多态位点rs12533005、CNTNATP2基因多态位点rs3779031、rs2710102、rs7794745、rs17236239和DRD2基因多态位点rs6275、rs1124491及SLC6A3基因多态位点rs2652511、GRIN2B基因多态位点rs1012586、rs7301328及DCDC2基因多态位点rs6456593、KIAA0319基因多态位点rs3756821与新疆汉语阅读障碍共患注意缺陷多动障碍存在关联。