公路隧道出入口驾驶员视觉适应识别机理研究

Reasonable lighting indicators are the foundation of safety and efficient operation of highway tunnels. The study of eyes’ adaption and recognition mechanism has become an issue in lighting indicator quantization at the entrance and exit of a highway tunnel. According to the inadequate consideration of eyes’ adaption, this project application aims to study drivers’ eye recognition rules in three conditions, which are photopic, scotopic and mesopic respectively, through the analysis of eye adaption and recognition process at the entrance and exit of a highway tunnel. The internal mechanism of visual adaptation can be revealed, and lighting indications can be quantified, after analyzing the relationship between lighting factors and view adaptation and recognition. This research will pay close attention to both theory and practice. Based on tunnel lighting and vision platform, a dynamic target experiment and a static one will be designed. By analyzing the results of the experiments, the relation model of target recognition time and luminance in drivers’ photopic, scotopic and mesopic vision states can be built. In the meantime, the relationship between tunnel environmental luminance and the adaptation time of a driver can be obtained. Consequently, the incomplete adaption degrees are proposed, and effects of environmental lighting factors on drivers’ view adaption and recognition are examined, and thus the drivers’ view adaption and recognition rules can be revealed at the entrance and exit of highway tunnels. Overall, the results of this research are expected to lay the theoretical foundation of highway tunnel lighting indicators design, and help provide a theoretical conduct to the lighting evaluation system in the condition of low illumination.

合理的照明指标是公路隧道安全和经济运营的基础，隧道出入口人眼适应识别机理是准确量化照明指标的难点和理论关键。针对隧道环境中人眼适应能力分析不足的局限，本项目申请拟通过分析公路隧道出入口驾驶员视觉适应和识别过程，研究明、暗及中间视觉状态下驾驶员人眼识别规律；分析隧道出入口照明因素对视觉适应和识别的影响，揭示公路隧道出入口视觉适应识别内在机理，量化隧道照明需求，优化照明指标。研究方法拟以理论与实验并重，利用模拟隧道照明环境视觉实验平台，设计动、静态目标物识别实验，建立明、暗及中间视觉驾驶员目标物识别时间与照明亮度的关系模型；建立隧道环境亮度变化与驾驶员视觉适应时间关系模型；提出驾驶员视觉不完全适应状态等级，分析隧道照明环境因素对驾驶员视觉适应识别的影响，揭示公路隧道出入口视觉适应识别规律。研究成果将为准确量化公路隧道照明设计指标提供理论基础，对建立低照度条件下的照明评价体系提供科学的理论指导。

合理的照明指标是公路隧道安全和经济运营的基础，隧道出入口人眼适应识别机理是准确量化照明指标的关键。本课题针对隧道环境中人眼识别和适应能力考虑不足的现状，自主研发隧道照明环境模拟实验平台，通过理论分析、仿真与实验研究，查清了不同隧道照明环境对驾驶员人眼适应与识别规律。研究了不同速度、照明色温、目标物明暗对比度、频闪、视场及路面亮度等多种环境因素对驾驶员识别时间的影响，构建了多环境因素下驾驶员识别模型。研究了隧道光环境变化范围及变化率对驾驶人视觉识别的影响，进而确定了隧道洞口最大安全临界照度，为实现隧道洞口安全与节能的光环境设置提供量化参数。针对隧道洞口遮光设施，分析了驾驶员的视觉特性，建立了隧道入口遮光栅横梁参数对驾驶员不舒适眩光的定量关系，提出了基于UGR的公路隧道眩光评价方法。分析了遮光栅下，人眼产生失能眩光的条件，提出了遮光栅尺寸参数的约束条件。结合交通工程学原理，确定了隧道洞口遮光栅长度。针对特长隧道中光源色温对驾驶人心理与生理的持续影响，分析了不同色温下驾驶时长对驾驶疲劳影响，为特长隧道照明灯具色温选择及设置提供依据。研究成果提供了安全、节能、舒适并重的公路隧道出入口照明量化评价方法，提出了优化的隧道出入口照明指标以及设置方法。本项目成果为建立低照度条件下的照明评价体系提供了理论支持。