农户-企业-政府多方博弈下的矿产资源开发区生态补偿机制研究

Using Yulin city in Northern Shaanxi as the research area, this project intends to establish profit and loss evaluation index system and model of the ecological environment for mineral resources area, the goal of which is to seek the overall planning of regional and rural development and the harmony between man and nature, utilizing the theory of sustainable development, economics, ecology theory, coordination theory and by means of mathematical model, spatial analysis technology of 3S, and then to make systematic evaluations about the ecological and environmental profit and loss caused by the development of mineral resources in Yulin city from the aspect of resources value, ecological effect, benefit and resources development etc. Based on the sample survey of typical farmers, enterprises, government management, the project intends to investigate the interests demand of the main stakeholders, including the administration bureaus, enterprises and farmers, and to construct the ecological compensation system for mineral resources area in terms of the compensation subject, receptor, manner and standard. The project also intends to divide ecological compensation regions and choose the ecological compensation model according to the the ecological and environmental profit and loss of mineral resources development, interests demand of the main stakeholders and the expert consultation and decision-making. Last but not least, the project intends to establish ecological compensation mechanism for mineral resources area, with regard to the mechanism of regional coordination, of environmental compensation, of market price mechanism, of finance transfer mechanism and of law guarantee etc, with an attempt of providing theoretical and decision-making foundations for regional development of mineral resources area and for its harmonious economic development.

本项目以陕北榆林市为研究区，以统筹区域城乡发展、促进人地和谐为目标，运用可持续发展理论、博弈论、生态学理论、经济学理论，借助数学模型方法、3S空间分析技术，建立矿产资源开发区生态环境损益评价指标体系与模型，从资源价值、生态效应、代际利益和资源地发展等方面对榆林市矿产资源开发造成的生态环境损益进行系统评价。基于典型农户、样本企业、政府管理者的访谈调研，探明政府、企业和农户多方博弈下的矿产资源开发区利益相关者的利益诉求，从补偿主体、受体、方式、标准等方面构建矿产资源开发区生态补偿框架体系。根据矿产资源开发的生态环境损益，各利益主体的利益诉求，结合专家咨询决策，进行研究区生态补偿区划，结合各类型区特点，选择相应的生态补偿模式，从区域协调机制、环境补偿机制、市场价格机制、转移支付机制、制度保障机制等方面构建矿产资源开发区生态补偿机制，为该类地区矿产资源开发与经济协调发展提供理论基础和决策依据。

本项目从区域经济发展效率、产业结构演变的环境效应、景观格局演变的生态响应三方面出发，研究矿产资源开发区经济发展、产业结构和景观格局演变对生态环境影响及生态系统服务价值的响应。主要得出以下结论：.（1）从区域经济效率来看，榆林市经济发展效率在地理空间上呈南北发展效率高、中部发展效率低的分布特征，并存在南北“DEA有效”的双中心结构，经济发展的规模效率是其主要制约因素。（2）从产业结构演变的环境效应来看，榆林市以1998年为拐点，三次产业结构由41.5:30.3:28.2转变为4.8:68.3:26.9；产业结构的环境影响指数均值高达2.86，属中上水平，并呈现出不断提升态势。其中，第二产业对环境总体影响程度最大，第三产业影响程度最小。（3）榆神府矿区16年间景观多样性增加，均匀度上升，优势度下降，破碎化有所改善，景观异质性程度提高，林地、建设用地和工矿用地范围显著扩大；生态系统服务价值呈现逐年增长的态势，16年间增长了10.39×108元；土壤形成与保护、水源涵养、生物多样性保护、气体调节4项功能在生态系统服务价值中占主体地位，对环境保护发挥着重要作用。今后应进一步加强从产业、技术、政策等方面探索矿产资源开发区经济与环境协调发展的保障机制，加强矿产资源开发区生态补偿机制研究等。