广西巴马长寿老人饮食结构与肠道微生态群落特性相关方式探索

The health longevity of human being is going to become an everlasting pursuit, and the diet is playing a totally important role in it. The overt longevity which the Guangxi Bama has is an inevitably associated with eating patterns. Whether the human gut micro-ecological system is health, which is influenced and transformed by the person's age and physical condition, furthermore, deeply affected people are with the dietary structure. Hence, the link between dietary pattern and intestinal micro-ecological community characteristics become a promising target for strategies able to explain to the internal mechanism with health longevity phenomenon of the Bama older people. In this task, the latest molecular micro ecological technology may be useful in both analysis and detection of four groups health older people's feces, such as quantitative and qualitative aspects of gut flora, as well as being involved in different methods which monitor healthy condition，such as physical state, dietary structure, fecal water toxicity and urine metabolites composition. By integrating all results, statistical analysis has been to joint that several factors could influence older people such as diet, gut bacteria features and physical fitness, in addition, it can be revealed the difference that eating and gut flora of the longevity or not and constructed a novel model to evaluate "health". Following, the beneficial microorganism from gut fecal samples of longevity will be separated and the essential of macrobiotic dietary structure will be sum up, it will be used in the volunteers' food that the dietary structure, probiotics, prebiotics as adjustment factors and the effect will be tested. There is an urgent need to explore that the underpinning mechanisms which the above of 3 factors affect the structure of human gut microbiota, and the view of which adjusted dietary structure to disentangling the "prolong life" mystery.

健康长寿是人类追求的永恒主题，饮食是影响寿命极其重要的因素，广西巴马长寿现象凸显，其饮食结构与长寿应有特定联系。人体肠道微生态系统与其年龄和健康状况紧密相关，又受饮食结构的深刻影响，故开展以巴马长寿老人为重点的饮食结构与肠道微生态群落特性相关方式探索-进而寻觅长寿现象得以形成的内在机制的研究意义重大。课题首次采用最新分子生态技术，开展4组健康老人粪便样本中微生态群落结构特征的系统研究，同时考量老人体征、饮食、粪便上清液毒性、尿液代谢物成分等指标，再统计分析，以图辨析长寿者饮食、肠道菌群特性和健康之联系，明示长寿与非长寿地区老人饮食与肠道微生态之差异，构建评判"健康"的新型方法。进一步分离高寿老人粪便中有益菌株，归纳长寿饮食结构要点，把饮食、益生菌、益生元作为影响因子运用到志愿人群的食品中，力图探索上述因子对人体肠道微生态群落结构状态的影响作用机制，以期从饮食结构角度探寻"益寿延年"之道。

项目根据计划任务书的要求，围绕巴马县长寿老人开展了饮食特性调查、食材、代谢物（粪便、尿液）、指甲、饮用水等样品的采集、肠道菌群结构解析、益生菌菌株分离、代谢物组学分析、膳食模式归结及其验证、益生菌菌株特性研究及其制剂开发等多项研究工作。调查分析发现广西巴马长寿地区饮食特点是粗杂粮和膳食纤维摄入量显著增加，VA达标率很高；发现巴马百岁老人肠道菌群更多样性，百岁老人粪便中菌群分布有特异性， Ruminococcaceae科与膳食纤维多糖、Roseburia 属与粗杂粮及膳食纤维多糖摄入量显著正相关，百岁组双歧杆菌、乳酸菌群落群落多样性皆高于其他组。B. minimum，B. saecularmay和B. mongoliense为百岁组特有。B. longum的含量与家畜肉类摄入量呈显著负相关，B. thermophilum与碳水化合物摄入量显著正相关，L. reuteri与膳食纤维摄入量显著负相关。长寿区老人指甲中Cr、Fe、Mn、Co元素含量在长寿区组显著偏多，为特征元素，Sr、Mn元素和Co、Ni元素与其饮用水中的元素分别极显著和显著正相关，指甲Fe、Se、Mn元素与其饮食元素摄入量均极显著正相关。代谢组学分析发现百岁老人表现出不同的代谢模式，7个特征成分与百岁老人组紧密相关；还发现老人的膳食纤维的摄入量与粪便中丁酸含量正相关，与尿液中苯酚含量负相关。通过小鼠衰老模型，对5种饮食模式进行验证，发现5种模式都能抑制小鼠体内MDA的蓄积，提高抗氧化酶活性和总抗氧化活性，5种模式综合量化评价的优劣顺序为：复合组＞胡豆组＞能限组＞纤维组＞元素组，预示着巴马长寿饮食模式具有较显著的抗衰老作用效果和良好的开发潜力。筛选出的长双歧杆菌-LT-B37、罗伊氏乳杆菌-LT-018、干酪乳杆菌-GU-L3、发酵乳杆菌- GU-P132益生特性指标检测表现较好，预示着上述菌株具有良好的开发利用潜力。