广西长寿人群饮食、肠道菌群和代谢物特征凝练与数据平台初建

In order to explain the importance of diet to life span, it was hoped to explore it from the perspective of "asking for longevity". Previous studies of us found that the long-lived population of Bama and the comparison population in the diet, intestinal flora and metabolites had good discriminability. This project hopes to further clarify the inherent laws between diet and healthy longevity. Therefore, it is proposed to further condense these characteristics and representative characteristics from the above three aspects. Expanding the collection of samples around the core area of Guangxi longevity, standardized analysis of diet. Using molecular microecological technology to analyze the intestinal flora, separating and screening the probiotic strains and readying for the preparations (for experiment), analyze the morning urine and the feces with metabolomics, and then organizing all the various data to preliminary establish the Guangxi healthy longevity dietary patterns, quantitative the ideal state of the patterns and transform the patterns, and let the new patterns were applied to the mice experiments model, observing the mice appearance, intelligence and behavior, multiscale analysis of the mice feed, intestinal flora, metabolites, blood and the anatomical features, to improve the patterns and explore the effect mechanism. After that all of the various research data should be excavate , organize , standardize and make use and aim to establish the preliminary data platform of Chinese characteristics healthy and longevity diet. So as to try to make the fuzzy appeal of " to obtain healthy and longevity by regulating diet " becomes an innovative patterns and platform that can be assembled, this will be supply for upgrade the healthy eating guidelines, and for a new way to improve people's health levels.

为阐释饮食对寿命的重要性，希望从“问计于长寿”的角度切入展开探索。前期研究发现，巴马长寿人群与对比人群之间在饮食、肠道菌群和代谢物等方面都具有良好的可辨析性。本项目希望进一步明确饮食与健康长寿之间的内在规律，为此拟从上述三方面进一步凝练这些可辨析特点和代表性特征，围绕广西长寿核心区扩大采集样本，规范分析饮食，用分子微生态技术解析其肠道菌群，分离筛选益生菌株并准备制剂，用代谢组学技术分析晨尿、粪便，进而整理各项数据，构建广西健康长寿饮食范式，量化范式理想状态再进行范式转换，将新建范式施加于小白鼠，观察其外表、智力、行为，多尺度分析其饲料、肠道菌群、代谢物、血液和解剖特点，完善范式并探析成效机制，挖掘整理并规范利用所得各种研究数据，初步构建中国特色健康长寿饮食数据平台，试图让“通过调控饮食获得健康长寿”的模糊诉求变成可以拆解的创新范式和平台，为健康饮食指导方式升级、提高人们健康水平提供新举措。

本项目在前期工作基础上研究了巴马、凤山、东兰、大化等地长寿老人饮食、代谢物（粪便、尿液）、肠道菌群等特征。开展了益生菌筛分、代谢物组学分析、长寿膳食模式效果、制剂开发、数据平台构建等方面的探索。对广西长寿区人群的血液、代谢物分析发现， 90岁以上老人的端粒长度并不随年龄增长而显著缩短，其食谱中膳食纤维的摄入与其长寿有关。建立了一种生物学年龄预测模型，归纳出一套广西长寿区人群饮食模式，对新模式的抗衰老效果进行接力式多层次验证。发现新模式能有效增强自然衰老小鼠学习记忆能力，改善运动协调、抗焦虑能力，提高脑、脾脏和心脏指数。新模式中的膳食纤维营养方式，可以缓解衰老引起的小鼠体重下降、脏器退化以及氧化应激，显著促进肠道中乳酸杆菌属和双歧杆菌属增殖，并抑制大肠杆菌属生长，改善代谢状况；借鉴新模式中的蛋白质营养方式开展的大鼠实验发现，相当于人体60-70岁之间蛋白质供给由低到高的合理转换有利于抗衰老。筛分出多个长寿老人源益生、潜在益生菌菌株，对其基因序列、安全性、益生特性进行了多方面研究。其中有4个菌株获得国家发明专利授权，2个通过专利受理。对多个菌株高密度培养技术、冻干粉、发酵乳、干酪、活性乳饮料等制品技术进行了研发，部分产品还在企业做了示范。还发现在长寿的家庭中存在特殊的菌群群落模式和特征。核心菌群的属和种随着年龄的增长而重塑。最近还发现长寿人群虽然有高血压现象，但是其特殊的肠菌和代谢能力，能够抵抗高血压损伤而维持健康。借用代谢物、代谢组学和通路分析，深入解析了有关成效机制。用随机森林、综合健康指标等手段，构建了一种以Web形式展示的长寿膳食数据平台，该平台能以网页的方式为普通人群推介个性化抗衰老膳食方案。这些成果较为全面地揭示了广西长寿人群饮食、肠道菌群和代谢物的特征，也为民众科学饮食、延缓衰老提出了一系列相对具体而明确的指导方法。