农村居民点多功能演变及其人地系统适应机制研究

Diversified types of rural residential land function have sprung up under the influence of regional resource endownments and human demands. Complexity and diversity are also manifested in the aspects like rural residential area sizes, land use structure, population structure building styles and so forth. Former scholars focused on applied studies like planning, construction, and economic and intensive use of rural residential land, which paid less attention to the researches of rural residential land functional form the angles of interactive relation of human-earth system. Moreover, researching the multi-functionality of rural residential land and its spatial-temporal evolution rule systematically, and discussing the structure proportion and configuration paremeters of rural residential land function accoding to different human-earth system characteristics, are the key to realize the sustainable utilization of rural residential land. In this research, aiming at the rural residential function structure imbalance, positioning fuzzy and the defects of relevant research theory and method, from the interaction of rural human-earth system perspective, methods like "3S" (GIS, RS, GPS) techniques, ground survey, inductive and deductive method, mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are employed comprehensively to realize the following aims: (1) defining the connotation and property element of multi-functionality of rural residential land, developing a quantitative index system and index model of rural residential land multifunction in support of multivariate data; (2) observing the differentiation characteristics of rural residential land multifunction, discussing the coupling relationships between the changes of rural residential land multifunction and the corresponding factors to find out the key points and evolution mechanisms of multifunctional differentiation of rural residential land; (3) measuring the adaptability of multifunctional evolution to human-earth system, revealing the optimal function structure and its key configuration parameter of rural residential land to adapt different environmental system background, and then putting out its realization mechanism. This study can promote the construction of rural residential land research system to probe new theories and methods for land resource use and rural geography and other disciplines, as well as provide quantitative decision support for the economical utilization of rural land resources and the optimization of land spatial pattern.

受地域资源禀赋与人类需求的影响，农村居民点功能呈现出多样性和多变化，深入研究农村居民点多功能演变特征与优化机制，是实现农村土地可持续利用的关键。针对我国农村居民点功能结构失衡、定位模糊且研究方面存在理论和方法缺陷的状况，本项目拟从农村人地系统互动的角度，综合运用"3S"技术、调研访谈、归纳与演绎、数学建模与模型模拟等方法，在明晰农村居民点多功能性理论内涵的基础上，构建多元数据支持的农村居民点多功能表征指标体系与测度模型，定量考察农村居民点多功能演变的时空组织规律及其运行机理，进而侦测农村居民点多功能演变的人地系统适应关系，探寻不同人类-环境背景下的农村居民点最优功能组合及其关键性配置参数，研制因地因人制宜的农村居民点功能优化实现机制。在理论上丰富土地资源多功能利用与乡村地理学相关理论与方法，在实践上为农村土地资源节约利用与空间格局优化提供决策支持。

针对我国农村居民点发展过程中产生的一系列问题以及相关研究存在理论和方法缺陷的状况，本项目在农村居民点复杂系统及其功能属性进行理论认识与界定的基础上，综合农村人地系统要素禀赋特征，按照结构表征功能的逻辑思维，构建了集生活、生产和生态一体的农村居民点多功能地理识别指标与方法体系，从数量结构、时序演变、空间分异等角度，利用多元数理统计与计量模型，揭示了全国省际宏观尺度、山东省县域中观尺度以及平谷区、沂水县等村域微观尺度下农村居民点功能的演变规律、驱动因素和形成机理，进而以功能优化为导向，从理论上构建了综合外缘系统“地域功能差异-村庄问题诊断-农户意愿辨析”多尺度特征和内核系统 “组织机构-投资方式-整合类型-工程措施”多要素组合的农村居民点整治模式系统体系，并基于典型案例区农村居民点功能的人地系统适应性分析，得到农村居民点“三生”功能的最优配置参数，从实践上研制了差别化的农村居民点“三生”功能规划与整治模式及其土地、产业、人口、环境、投资、财政等政策优化包与执行标准。本研究工作丰富了土地资源多功能利用与乡村地理学相关理论与方法，研究成果可在农村土地整治、新农村建设、区域“三生”空间重构以及乡村转型发展等方面进行应用。