农村居民点布局演变机理及其空间秩序重构

Discussing the evolution and regulation law of regional rural residential land distribution, and determining the rational rural residential spatial distribution under certain conditions of natural, social and economic environment, which can benign interaction between urban and rural construction land-use, is the key to efficient land resources arrangement and tension reducing of urban-rural land-use insufficiency, as well as the solution to one of the main issues in new socialist rural construction at present.. From the prospective of optimizing land resources allocation, the project will try to develop a quantitative index of rural residential land spatial distribution under acceleration of urban-rural interaction firstly. Then the project will analyze the evolution process and formation mechanism of rural residential land distribution and measure the coupling efficiency between its distribution and environmental system background to establish the mathematical model about the relationship of rural residential land distribution characterization index, efficiency of coupling system and environmental conditions, which can reveal the optimal relationship between rural residential areas distribution and environmental conditions, and then help reestablish the planning schemes of rural residential spatial distribution and analyze its realization mechanism. Methods of mathematical morphology, topology, field research, "3S" and mathematical model analysis will be employed based on multi-resource data. The project can provide guidance on hot issues of land resources management, such as the policy of linked change of rural-urban construction land, village annexation , and rural land consolidation and so on, which will promote the level of the resources-conserving society construction and provide scientific basis to balance urban and rural development.

探讨新时期农村居民点布局演变与调控规律，科学确定区域自然、社会、经济等环境背景下农村居民点合理布局，促进城乡建设用地良性互动，是实现土地资源优化配置、破解当前城乡用地瓶颈的关键。本项目拟在城乡互动加速大背景下，综合运用数学形态学、拓扑学、实地调研、"3S"技术、数理模型等手段与方法，在多源数据支持下，构建农村居民点布局定量表征指数，研究农村居民点布局演变时空过程与形成机理，测度农村居民点布局与环境系统耦合效应，建立"农村居民点布局表征指数-系统耦合效率-环境背景因子"数理关系模型，确定农村居民点布局特征与环境背景之间适宜配置关系，进而筛选布局调整关键参数，提出区域主导环境因子下农村居民点布局空间秩序重构方案，探讨农村居民点布局空间秩序重构的实现机制，为指导城乡建设用地增减挂钩、迁村并点以及农村土地整治等当前国土资源管理实践热点问题，以及促进资源节约型社会建设和城乡统筹发展提供科学依据。

基于项目研究计划，在扎实的实地调研、文献梳理与数据分析处理的基础上，综合运用数学形态学、拓扑学、“3S”技术、数理模型等研究方法，建立了“农村居民点布局表征指数-系统耦合效率-环境背景因子”综合数据平台、以及相关评价指标体系；深入开展了农村居民点布局定量表征、不同尺度下农村居民点演变特征与机制模拟、农村居民点与自然-社会-经济系统耦合关系解析、区域主导环境因子下农村居民点布局空间秩序重构的实现机制等研究。从规模、形态、区位、等级结构等多角度分析揭示了农村居民点空间分布形态特征；探究了农村居民点形态、功能和格局的演变态势；在确定不同类型区农村居民点布局演变与自然、生产和社会环境之间适宜配置关系的基础上，重点分析了农村居民点布局内在影响机理；研究在梳理总结农村居民点布局演变和发展的主要特点与村庄问题的前提下，综合村域外部地理环境与产业结构和功能导向、村域内部关键性约束问题和微观主体行为与意愿等多元要素，从多尺度、分层次的角度提出了农村居民点布局优化管控引导机制及调整方案。项目研究成果对于指导当前社会主义新农村建设实践，促进城乡土地资源优化配置，实现农村有序、高效、持续、协调的发展具有重要意义。