基于义务教育质量监测的教育扶贫政策评估研究

At present, the poverty alleviation of China has entered a crucial stage and the targeted poverty alleviation has become a new strategy for national poverty reduction. In order to precisely evaluate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, the introduction of the third-party evaluation is imperative. The national basic education quality assessment system of China has been established in 2015. The National Innovation Center for Assessment of Basic Education Quality, which is the first and the only onenational collaborative innovation center in the field of education, takes charge of the work of education quality assessment of China.As a relatively independent third party, one of the main goals of the collaborative innovation center is to assess the significant education policies and projects based on major national demand and to improve the scientification and precision level of education decision. Relying on this center and based on the perspective of basic education quality assessment, this study makes several efforts to improve the realization of targeted poverty alleviation, which includes making a deep theoretical research on the relationship between education poverty alleviation policy and targeted poverty alleviation, putting forward an education poverty alleviation policy evaluation index system to improve targeted poverty alleviation, building the third party assessment model of education poverty alleviation policy based on the basic education quality assessment database and making policy case studies, exploring how to make the national basic education quality assessment data play a better role, making a more precise third-party evaluation and feedback to education poverty alleviation policy.

目前我国扶贫工作已进入攻坚阶段，精准扶贫成为国家减贫新战略。为精准考核扶贫开发成效，引入第三方评估已成国策。我国于2015年正式建立国家义务教育质量监测制度，委托我国第一个、也是目前唯一一个教育学领域的国家协同创新中心——中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心开展此项工作，其主要目标之一即是立足国家重大需求，由相对独立的第三方对重大教育政策和工程实施进行评估，提高教育决策科学化和精准化水平。本研究依托该中心，基于义务教育质量监测的视角，对教育扶贫政策与精准扶贫之间的关系开展理论研究，提出促进精准扶贫的教育扶贫政策评估指标体系，构建基于义务教育质量监测数据库的教育扶贫政策第三方评估模型并开展政策个案研究，探索如何更好地发挥国家义务教育质量监测数据的作用，对教育扶贫政策进行更为精准的第三方评估与反馈，以促进精准扶贫目标的实现。

教育扶贫是拔掉穷根、阻断贫困代际传递的重要途径。在全面建成小康社会决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期，教育扶贫作为带动贫困地区发展的撬板，是提高教育质量和促进教育公平的重要保障。教育扶贫重在精准，客观全面评估教育扶贫政策成效，是促进教育精准扶贫、实现精准脱贫的重要环节。本课题依托中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心这一第三方平台，基于义务教育质量监测的视角，对教育扶贫政策与精准扶贫之间的关系开展理论和实践研究；采用以案例为导向的混合研究范式，选取“乡村教师支持计划”作为案例，研制促进精准扶贫的教育扶贫政策评估工具并开展政策个案研究，探索如何更好地发挥国家义务教育质量监测数据的作用，对教育扶贫政策进行更为精准的第三方评估与反馈，以促进精准扶贫目标的实现。. 运用实地调研数据和义务教育质量监测数据库实现数据对接，是本课题实施教育扶贫政策第三方评估的有益尝试。研究发现“乡村教师支持计划”教育扶贫政策实施效果较好，政策总体满意度尚可，在一定程度上满足了政策目标群体的诉求。但该政策在执行过程中仍面临着乡村教师数量不足、经费支持不够、政策倾斜力度不强等部分有待解决的难题，政策目标尚未完全达成。本课题为进一步提升教育扶贫政策实施效果提出了政策建议，有利于发挥政策评估的精准诊断与反馈功能，切实改进教育扶贫政策实效。