利用转基因技术创制抗斑马纹病剑麻新种质的研究

Sisal is the most important fiber crop in tropical both in China and the world. The only leading sisal variety grown in China is H.11648 (Agave hybrid No.11648). However it is not resistant to zebra stripe disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, which results in substantial loss at the seedling age and considerable reduction in yield. And the existing chemical fugicide control effect is poor. Thus it is urgent to breed a new disease-resistant sisal variety. Because most Agave varieties are aneuploid or heteroploid, and their juvenile period is over 10 years.So far no new varieties better than H.11648 have been bred in the past 50 years. Genetic engineering technology provide many priorities to sisal breeding such as greatly shorten the sisal breeding times. Therefore, this study will choose H.11648 sisal stem tip and younger leaves as explant, and establish effective regeneration and genetic transformation system; To establish single gene, and dual gene expression carrier in which 35 S, pathogen induced promoter HSR203J regulate hevein-like and ascorbate peroxidase-like resistance genes and to transfer them into sisal H.11648 can create genetically modified sisal new germplasm that resist to zebra disease.

剑麻是我国热区最重要的麻类经济作物。H.11648剑麻是目前生产上唯一的当家品种。该品种虽然高产，但易感由烟草疫霉引起的毁灭性病害-斑马纹病，培育抗病新品种成为当务之急。由于剑麻多为多倍体或非整倍体，营养生长期一般为10年以上，杂交F1代育性极低，杂交育种周期长、效率低，因此近50年来一直没有育成超越H.11648的新品种。剑麻作为纤维用植物，利用转基因技术进行抗病育种独具优势。为此，本课题将研究：1、选用H.11648剑麻茎尖和幼叶作为外植体，建立H.11648高效的再生体系和遗传转化体系；2、构建35S、病原菌诱导性启动子HSR203J调控抗病基因hevein-like和ascorbate peroxidase-like的单基因、双基因表达载体，导入H.11648剑麻中，创制出抗斑马纹病的转基因剑麻新种质，为进一步培育抗病高产新品种提供基础。

剑麻H.11648是目前生产上唯一的当家品种，易感由烟草疫霉引起的毁灭性病害-斑马纹病。由于剑麻多为多倍体或非整倍体，营养生长期一般为10年以上，杂交F1代育性极低，因此近50年来一直没有育成超越H.11648的新品种。本项目选用H.11648剑麻茎尖作为外植体，建立起H.11648高效的再生体系和遗传转化体系；构建了35S、和病原菌诱导性启动子HSR203J调控抗病基因hevein-like和ascorbate peroxidase-like的单基因、双基因表达载体，导入H.11648剑麻中，创制出抗斑马纹病的转基因剑麻新种质557株，为未来培育出可用于生产的抗病新品种奠定基础。项目资助发表SCI收录论文1篇，核心期刊论文5篇，培养硕士生4名，达到了预期的成果。项目投入经费82万元，支出69.41448万元，剩余经费12.5855万元，剩余经费计划用于本项目研究后续支出。