基于微型DNA条形码的全球经济海参和花胶鱼类物种鉴定和种质资源研究

China is the biggest global trader of sea cucumber and fish maw (dried fish swimbladders). Over 50 sea cucumber species and 100 fish maw species are commercially exploited all over the world, which export to China after capture and processed. It is very difficult to identify clearly the species of processed sea cucumbers and fish maws on the basis of their morphology. Therefore, the real species and biological information are largely unknown. However, DNA degradation is a wider and unavoidable problem for species identification. It is hard to identify the samples with severe DNA degradation by common DNA barcoding technique. The newly developed Mini DNA barcoding has been proved to be a great alternative in the identification of species with severe DNA degradation. The objective of this work is to explore the Mini DNA barcoding system for the identification of global sea cucumber and fish maw species. The system is widely applicable, accurate, simple, highly sensitive and easy to be standardized. Moreover, the present study will carry out the research on evaluation of the labeling situation of sea cucumber and fish maw products in the Chinese market, the global resources distribution mapping, global catch data statistics, endangered species, protected species and toxic species. The Mini DNA barcodes data library and the Quick Response Codes database will be established. The present study will provide the theoretical basis for authentication and traceability of fishery species, resources analysis and protection of endangered species to conserve stocks biodiversity.

我国是全球海参和鱼类花胶（鱼鳔干制品）第一贸易大国，经济海参50余种，花胶鱼类100余种，捕捞加工后输入我国，加工过程使得从形态学角度准确辨别物种变得非常困难，因此，其真实物种和生物学信息在很大程度上是未知的。然而，DNA降解是在样品进行物种鉴定中普遍遇到且不可回避的问题，普通DNA条形码技术难以对DNA降解严重的样品实施物种鉴定。微型DNA条形码的提出给DNA降解严重样品的物种鉴定提供了新思路。本项目拟进行涵盖全球经济海参和花胶鱼类的微型DNA条形码物种鉴定体系探索研究，该体系具有适应范围广、准确、简便、灵敏度高和易标准化的特点。在此基础上，评估我国海参和花胶的物种来源和贴标现状，绘制全球自然资源分布图，统计全球捕捞量、揭示濒危保护物种和毒性物种，建立微型DNA条形码数据库，构建物种二维码数据信息平台。本研究可为水产生物鉴定溯源、种质资源分析和濒危物种资源保护提供理论依据。

我国是全球海参和鱼类花胶（鱼鳔干制品）第一贸易大国，加工过程使得从形态学角度准确辨别物种变得非常困难，其真实物种和生物学信息在很大程度上是未知的。DNA降解是在样品进行物种鉴定中普遍遇到且不可回避的问题。微型DNA条形码的提出给DNA降解严重样品的物种鉴定提供了新思路。本项目进行了涵盖全球经济海参和花胶鱼类的DNA条形码和微型DNA条形码物种鉴定体系探索研究，共采集获得海参标准品61种、样品1369份，花胶鱼类标准品106种、样品2693份。筛选获得MDB片段序列269条，设计出海参MDB引物4对，花胶鱼类MDB引物3对，该体系具有适应范围广、准确、简 便、灵敏度高和易标准化的特点。在此基础上，评估了我国海参和花胶的物种来源和贴标现状，绘制了全球自然资源分布图，统计了全球捕捞量、揭示了濒危保护物种和毒性物种，建立了DNA barcoding（含Mini DNA barcoding）数据库1个，构建物种二维码数据信息平台1个。项目研究期间，共发表论文13篇，其中SCI论文12篇。研究结果可为水产生物鉴定溯源、种质资源分析和濒危物种资源保护提供理论依据。