At present, Dietary reference intakes for vitamin D is based on this dose can meet the needs of healthy people. However, as more non-classic effects of vitamin D have been found, the effects of high dose vitamin D are an urgent research field. The prevalence of diabetes in China has increased significantly in recent years. Cadmium pollution is also very common at same time. Previous studies have found that low-level cadmium body burden significantly increased the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Renal tubular injury is the same target of cadmium pollution and diabetic nephropathy. Based on the study of the biological effects of high dose vitamin D, this proposal explored the effect and mechanism of high dose vitamin D on the combined renal dysfunction of diabetes and low-level cadmium body burden. It is reported that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) impairs Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) activation independently of the vitamin D receptor. It is a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism of vitamin D that might contribute to protecting renal tubular epithelial cells and islet beta-cells. VDR-independent effect of vitamin D will enrich the theory of vitamin D and promote the development of nutrition. This proposal can not only provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of diabetes under the condition of cadmium load, but also there will be a breakthrough in vitamin D study once the direct action of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is confirmed. Therefore, this proposal has both theoretical and practical value.
目前,维生素D的每日推荐摄入量是以满足健康人群最基本需要为基准的。此剂量与其中毒剂量之间有很大的空间。国内外不同的学会都在谨慎地提高维生素D的每日推荐摄入量。因此,高剂量维生素D的生物效应值得研究。.研究发现低剂量镉负荷显著增加糖尿病肾脏并发症。近年来,我国糖尿病患病率升高、镉污染普遍。肾小管损伤是镉污染与糖尿病肾病的共同靶标。本项目探索高剂量维生素D拮抗镉负荷下糖尿病肾损伤的效果及其机制。最新研究发现高剂量维生素D以维生素D受体非依赖方式直接与SREBP裂解激活蛋白 (SCAP)结合,导致后者裂解从而调节肾小管上皮细胞。这一直接作用的证实不仅为维生素D用于镉负荷下的糖尿病防治提供理论基础,而且是在维生素D理论上的一个重要突破,丰富维生素D的理论,促进营养学科的发展。本项目为镉负荷下糖尿病肾病防治提供一个新思路,同时,还可以为下次维生素D每日推荐摄入量的修订提供重要数据。
本项目重点研究了镉负荷下,糖尿病小鼠的糖脂代谢情况。另外探索了维生素D对镉负荷下小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。本项目在原计划基础上,增加了骨代谢部分的研究。最主要的发现是镉导致糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖水平下降。这个现象的机制还没有完全阐明。虽然镉降低了糖尿病小鼠的血糖,但加重了小鼠的症状和死亡率。其机制初步认为是镉负荷引起糖尿病小鼠体内糖酵解显著增加,体内乳酸含量增加。低剂量镉导致小鼠体内脂肪组织分解,血清中甘油三脂和胆固醇水平下降,增加了低密度脂蛋白含量、降低了高密度脂蛋白含量。但增加了小鼠肝脏脂肪蓄积。这说明镉导致机体脂肪的重新分布。其机制初步认为是通过影响CD36、LDLR、SR-BI的表达来促进肝脏中脂肪酸及胆固醇由外向内的转运,介导体内脂质的重分布,引起脂代谢紊乱。这些结果提示,糖尿病患者在接触低于中毒剂量的镉负荷时,可能对机会产生严重副作用。体外实验发现维生素D减少肾小管上皮细胞和肾小球上皮细胞的脂质蓄积。维生素D通过影响SCAP/Srebp基因表达调节细胞内脂质的合成。活性维生素D和非活性维生素D均能显著抑制高糖引起的NEK-52E细胞内胆固醇合成相关蛋白表达的升高。这说明维生素D可以抑制高糖刺激引起肾小管上皮细胞脂质蓄积及炎症反应。维生素D对接触低剂量的镉污染的糖尿病患者可能具有保护作用。但这个效果在整体动物实验中没有发现。.长期低剂量镉暴露虽然显著降低了小鼠胰岛素水平,但对于正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显影响,这得益于机体内复杂的调控作用。在禁食和非禁食情况下,镉对机体的肝脏糖原储备、糖异生有不同程度的影响,但没有发现明显的规律。镉导致糖尿病鼠血糖下降这一现象非常值得深一步研究。研究目的是如何利用这一特点并避免镉的毒性。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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