中国皮盘菌科分类、DNA条形码筛选和分子系统学

Dermateaceae is one of the largest families in Helotiales. Over 33 genera and 315 species are known from the family. Members of the family are either saprobes on dead plant debris or endopytes and pathogens of living plants. Some species improve plant growth, some cause serious plant diseases and some produce promising secondary metabolites. The taxonomy of the family is mainly based on morphological characters and only a few genera of the family were involved in phylogenetic studies. The delimitation of the family is still subject to debate. The definitions, inter-generic relationships and inter-specific relationships of some genera are still unresolved. About 30 species of 10 genera were reported from China and no comprehensive investigation was carried out in the country...We plan to collect specimens and isolate pure cultures from typical regions of China; examine the morphological features of sexual and asexual stages; obtain sequence data of the partial large subunit, the partial small subunit and the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA, as well as partial beta-tubulin gene, translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene, RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene or other protein-encoding genes. Based on morphological features and multilocus phylogeny, we will establish reasonable species concepts; propose a supplementary DNA barcode for rapid and precise species identification; clarify the inter-generic and the inter-specific relationships of the involved genera; and give more reasonable delimitations of the family and genera. This study will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the species diversity of Dermateaceae in China and accumulate mycological resources for further utilization.

皮盘菌科Dermateaceae隶属于子囊菌门锤舌菌纲柔膜菌目，全球已知约33属315种，包含腐生在植物残体上的种，促进植物生长的内生菌、植物病原菌和产生活性化合物的种类。该科的范畴、属间关系和部分属的界定、属下种间关系和部分物种概念均有待深入研究。我国已知10属30种，缺乏系统的调查研究。本项目将按照现代分类学观点，对我国皮盘菌科真菌的物种多样性及该科的分子系统学进行深入研究。选择我国不同气候带不同植被类型的代表性地区，开展资源调查、标本采集和菌种分离工作；综合子囊盘的形态解剖特征、培养特征、无性阶段产孢特性、有性阶段与无性阶段的关联以及序列分析结果，建立清晰的物种概念，全面认识我国该科真菌的物种多样性，清理和订正标本馆馆藏标本；将形态分类学与DNA条形码技术相结合，筛选该科的补充DNA条形码，实现物种的快速准确鉴定；基于形态和分子系统学结果，探讨皮盘菌科属间和属下种间的系统发育关系。

皮盘菌科隶属于真菌界子囊菌门锤舌菌纲柔膜菌目，生态习性多样，包含腐生菌、共生菌和植物病原菌。该科真菌种类丰富且部分种有重要的经济价值，部分属和种的鉴别特征以及类群间的系统发育关系不清晰，我国尚未开展针对该类群的系统研究。本项目执行期间在广西、重庆、甘肃等11个省区的自然保护区和森林公园开展了野外资源调查和标本采集工作，采集子囊菌标本近1200份。以补点采集、前期积累和借阅标本馆馆藏的300余份皮盘菌科及相关类群标本为研究材料，基于宏微观形态特征和多基因序列数据，采用综合性状分析的方法进行分类学研究，建立了清晰的属、种概念，全面梳理了我国已报道的名称，订正了错误鉴定，发现若干新种和中国新记录，发表新种9个，报道中国新记录种3个，其余研究结果正在整理成文。通过分析认为ITS序列和RPB2序列对该科真菌具有较好的物种识别能力，ITS序列是该科真菌较为理想的DNA条形码，推荐RPB2序列作为该科的补充DNA条形码。研究结果初步揭示了我国皮盘菌科真菌物种多样性，是世界范围内该类群系统分类学研究的重要组成部分，为物种识别、资源利用和病害防治提供了基础知识。发表期刊论文3篇，会议论文1篇；项目负责人晋升副高级职称，3名博士研究生参与了本项目的研究工作；多人次参加了国内外学术会议。