区域空间认知与城市群发展研究

With acceleration of urbanization in China, the central objective of National Spatial Development Strategies has shifted from cities to the metropolitan area, and the State Council and local governments have carried out a series of related policies to promote strategic shifts at the same time in succession. The literature review finds out that urban and regional development is strongly affected by regional development policies, residents' sense of belonging and capital mobility. Nevertheless, few researches have realized that lack of metropolitan spatial cognition will lead to stakeholders' uncoordinated actions, resulting in retarding the process of regional development. How to balance the diversified interests among government, the public and capitals becomes an urgent issue on solving urban and regional development problems. Based on behavior conflict of stakeholder, the study designs a research framework, which is "Behavioral Theories - - Analytical Model - - Case Studies - - Rule Seeking", to test the hypothesis that if there do exist regional cognitive differences among different stakeholders and there may be a mechanism consensus on behavior adjustment. And through investigations on regional spatial cognition in the Metropolitan Area of Middle Reach of Yangtze River (MRYR), this study obtains a visual GIS map of spatial cognition of the stakeholders with multiple interests. At the same time, on the analysis of dynamic mechanism of different spatial cognitions, the study explores ways to define the Metropolitan Area of MRYR spatial scales and adjust related regional policies. Finally， general rules on metropolitan area's development in view of spatial recognition are obtained. The significances of the study are as follows: 1) to provide a new theoretical perspective to explain the relationship between regional spatial cognition and development; 2) to construct a quantifiable and visual model on analyzing the regional development of the Metropolitan Area of MRYR; 3) to provide the suggestions to help local government formulate related policies which can strengthen regional cooperation and enhance regional competitiveness; 4) to supply a mode for further researches on other Metropolitan Areas all over China.

随着中国新型城镇化的推进，城市群已成为国家空间发展战略和国土均衡开发的重要载体。中央、地方政府相继出台一系列与城市群发展相关的规划来引领区域发展。而城市群的空间范围至今缺乏可操作性的界定方法，导致未能形成区域发展合力。 本研究梳理城市政治经济学中"行为者冲突论"与城市群发展的关系，找到适合中国特色政体的理论视角；遵循"不同利益主体的区域空间认知存在差异度，同时基于发展共识也存在着博弈并调整相关认知（利益诉求）的可能性"的研究逻辑，建构了基于利益主体不同诉求的区域空间认知模型；将认知模型运用于长江中游城市群的构建及发展研究；最后提出基于区域空间认知的城市群构建与发展的一般规律。 本课题通过"行为者冲突论"的理论视角和"区域空间认知"模型来诠释城市群的构建与发展，有利于丰富中国城市群研究理论体系，也可为政府制定区域发展政策服务，深化区域协作，提升区域竞争力。

全球化业已成为当今世界发展的重大趋势之一。城市群成为了中国参与经济全球化，实现市场化改革的重要空间载体。长江中游城市群衔接东西是国家空间发展战略、国土空间均衡开发的关键节点之一。基于城市政治经济学理论，本研究建构了“政府+市场+公众”多元利益主体的区域空间认知模型，以长江中游城市群为案例探索了区域认知与城市群发展的特征与规律。研究发现主要包括三个方面：1）从政府的“政策认知”来看，提升区域交通基础设施的投资水平和规模水平都会促进区域经济一体化，且交通投资水平为主要促进因素。区域内各个港口与其腹地范围的演化和协调关系受产业结构、自然条件、交通运输等因素的影响。产业政策高级化提升了高校毕业生的学历结构，毕业生规模和创新产出亦能促进产业结构提升。2）从企业的“市场认知”来看，规模经济效应、对外开放程度与交通通达性是影响长江中游城市群制造业发展的主要因素；城市群存在多中心、层级性和行政边界性等特征，经历了“极化、均衡、再极化”的发育过程；城市群内的社团抱团现象有所减缓，各社团内形成了核心—次核心—边缘的城市网络拓扑结构。3）从公众的“心理认知”来看，城市群内外公众对长中游城市群空间认知范围均呈现出“武汉+”，武汉被视为城市群发展的领导者；性别、居住地、专业和停留时间是影响公众认知的主要因素。笔者认为城市群发展受到各利益主体“认知”影响：1）治理主体（公共机构）在其治理区域内的公共政策；2）市场（资本）主体在区域内的经济势力强度及范围；3）公众对于区域空间的认可程度和居住（迁徙）愿望。为了促进区域社会经济的协调发展，各利益主体会通过博弈协商来调整各自“认知”和“行为”，进而使得相关行为得以顺畅实施。笔者既认可他们不同的利益诉求，也承认他们的发展共识——区域高度协同化可提供更为便利的公共服务、有效的基础设施和避免不必要的“外部不经济性”，更认为利益主体间的博弈可促成发展模式与机制上的协调。