土荆芥挥发油的熏蒸抑菌机理及活性单体成分协同作用的研究

The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioid shows strong fumigation activity on plant pathogenic fungi, and its biological pesticides with fumigation antifungal action mode had been developed. However its fumigation antifungal mechanism and active monomers synergism are not clear, which limit creation of new biological pesticides and improvement of original pesticides. This study is carried out to analyze fumigation antifungal mechanism of essential oil of C. ambrosioid from pathological reaction and subcellular structure of plant pathogenic fungi; reveal the relationship between active monomers and action targets, according to the antifungal mechanism of these monomers; establish evaluation system of antifungal activity of essential oil of C. ambrosioid based on the monomers proportion, from the synergism among the active monomers. This study is expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for further rational development and efficient utilization essential oil of C. ambrosioid, also provide reference for the research on essential oils of other plants, which has important theoretical and practical value.

土荆芥挥发油具有强烈的熏蒸抑菌活性，已有熏蒸作用方式生物农药剂型的研发，但其抑菌机理及活性单体成分的协同作用还未明确，限制了其新型生物农药的创制和原有农药的改进。本项目从植物病原真菌的病理学反应和亚细胞结构分析土荆芥挥发油熏蒸作用的抑菌机理；根据活性单体成分的抑菌机理揭示单体种类与作用靶点的关系；基于活性单体间的协同作用，建立依据单体成分配比评价土荆芥挥发油抑菌活性的体系。这为进一步合理开发和高效利用土荆芥挥发油提供理论依据和技术支持，同时也为其它植物挥发油的研究提供借鉴，具有重要的理论和应用价值。

土荆芥挥发油具有强烈的熏蒸抑菌活性，是植物病害熏蒸防控制剂理想的生物源活性物质。土荆芥挥发油和4种单体物质均对灰霉病菌细胞膜通透性具有破坏作用，随剂量增加和时间延长破坏作用增加；温度、水量、放置方式、紫外线照射等因素影响土荆芥挥发油的熏蒸抑菌活性。土荆芥挥发油的作用部位由细胞壁和细胞膜等外膜结构逐渐向胞内发展，先作用于液泡、线粒体等细胞器，随后破坏细胞质结构、核膜及细胞核，只至细胞消解。3-甲基-4-异丙基酚和麝香草酚对灰霉病菌细胞膜破坏作用最明显，可导致细胞膜溶解；4种单体对细胞内部结构均有损伤，对伞花烃和3-甲基-4-异丙基酚破坏细胞质结构，麝香草酚处理后线粒体畸形，α-萜品烯处理后细胞器畸变。通过组效关系分析辨识土荆芥挥发油活性单体成分，3-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚、麝香草酚、α-萜品烯、p-伞花烃和驱蛔萜对土荆芥挥发油熏蒸抑制活性贡献较大，其中麝香草酚、3-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚和驱蛔萜与活性呈正相关，α-萜品烯和p-伞花烃呈负相关；建立了基于13种特征性化合物相对含量评价土荆芥挥发油熏蒸抑菌作用的方法体系。本项目的实施，为进一步合理开发和高效利用土荆芥挥发油提供理论依据和技术支持，也为其它生物源挥发性物质的研究提供借鉴。