华中重要山地的黏菌物种多样性研究

In this project, the species diversity and the relationships between these species and their influence factors will be researched respectively in five key and representative mountainous forest areas of Central China which is the transition region from the subtropical zone to the temperate zone and from the second step to the third step, in order to enrich and deepen the comprehensive knowledge of the species diversity of myxomycetes in China, find new myxomycete taxa, and solve some problems about fuzzy taxon category in the myxomycete systematics. Species resources of myxomycetes will be basically understood in Central China through collecting specimens from the field, identifying and classifying. Various substrates will be cultured in the moist chamber so that more myxomycetes could be obtained. In the sample plots set according to different elevations and forests, the investigation will be conducted and the species diversity of myxomycetes will be assessed. The morphological characteristics will be compared by means of the microscopy and other necessary taxonomic techniques. The relationship between species and their habitats will be surveyed and analyzed. Species composition, distribution characters, biota property and geographical elements of myxomycetes in Central China will be approached. The evolution relationship among myxomycete taxa will be comprehensively discussed according to the taxonomic and floristic principles. The results will enrich data of species diversity of myxomycetes in China, provide new knowledge for myxomycete systematics, and lay the foundation for the study on the interaction between myxomycetes and environment factors in the forest ecosystem.

为丰富和深化对我国黏菌物种多样性的全面认识，发现新的黏菌分类单位，解决黏菌系统分类学中的一些分类单元范畴模糊的问题，本项目选择我国从亚热带向温带、从第二阶梯向第三阶梯过渡的华中地区五个代表性山地森林生态系统进行黏菌物种多样性及其与影响因素相互关系的研究。通过野外标本采集和分类鉴定，掌握华中地区主要的黏菌资源；进行黏菌基物的湿室培养发掘更多的黏菌种类；依据海拔和林型设置样地进行定时定点的调查研究做出其中黏菌物种多样性的评估；通过显微技术并辅以其它必要的技术进行分类特征比较，进行黏菌的系统分类学研究；调查分析华中地区黏菌物种与生境的关系，探讨这一地区黏菌的物种组成、分布特征、区系特点和地理成分；从分类学和区系学上综合探讨黏菌单元间的演化关系。通过本研究，将丰富中国黏菌资源的物种多样性资料，为黏菌系统分类学提供新知识，为研究森林生态系统中黏菌与环境因素的相互作用关系奠定基础。

华中地区是我国从亚热带到温带、从第二阶梯到第三阶梯的过渡地带，在研究黏菌的物种多样性和分布组成上具有重要地位。我们在华中重要山地森林生态系统的代表——大别山区、神农架林区、武陵山脉、秦岭东缘等地调查研究黏菌物种多样性，通过分类学研究确定黏菌6目11科39属202种，其中，铜绿团网菌 Arcyria aeruginosa和亚赭色双皮菌 Diderma subochraceum为新种，亮黄煤绒菌 Fuligo luteonitens、土星钙皮菌 Didymium saturnus和栗褐无丝菌 Licea castanea是中国新记录种。.分别在春季、夏季和秋季于安徽天堂寨、河南宝天曼、湖北龙门河、湖北后河、陕西终南山五地，研究样地中黏菌群落及与生活基质、海拔高度和植被类型等因素的关系。宝天曼优势种为灰团网菌Arcyria cinerea等，83种为河南新记录种，凋落物上的黏菌物种丰富度高于树皮，与环境因子相关性分析表明黏菌α-多样性与发生月份和林型关系密切。天堂寨优势种为碎皮菌Clastaderma debaryanum等，28种为安徽省新记录种，凋落物上的物种丰富度和多样性（S=25, H’=1.63）高于树皮（S=19, H’=1.55），表明黏菌对植物凋落物的偏好性大于树皮。在龙门河发现的黄褐筛菌Cribraria aurantiaca等25种为湖北省新记录种，凋落物上的物种多样性（H’=1.72）高于树皮（H’=1.25），黏菌α-多样性的时空差异与基物持水度和pH值以及林地郁闭度相关。终南山优势种为灰团网菌Arcyria cinerea等，凋落物和树皮上发生的物种多样性指数分别为3.76±0.22和2.11±0.34，差异显著。.在春、夏、秋三季采集宝天曼6种林型下的表层土壤，采用18S rDNA高通量测序获得668个黏菌OTUs，归于2目3科17属，亮皮菌属和钙皮菌属的OTUs相对丰度最高，分别为21.24%和19.09%。黏菌群落结构在林型间差异显著，季节变化则不显著。环境因子相关性分析表明，暗孢黏菌的α-多样性水平与有效Ca、有效Mg和pH存在显著的正相关性；黏菌群落结构与有效Ca、土壤含水量、有效K显著相关。.研究结果对于全面、深刻地认识黏菌的多样性和分类学具有理论意义，在指导黏菌生物多样性保护和资源的科学利用上具有实践意义。