日本血吸虫尾蚴体棘微纳结构及其仿生学研究

Schistosomiasis is a major infectious diseases harm to people's health and life safety. The Schistosoma japonicum cercaria is the only stage of the infection of human and animal, which will invade the host about few seconds. The spines of head and body have played an important role in this process. According to the physiological characteristics of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria， this project intends to reveal the natural phenomenon that Schistosoma japonicum cercaria quickly invade the host depending on special spines and micro/nano structures of their bodies, combined with the theoretical and experimental methods from the angle of their micro/nano structures. The parameters of spines including microcosmic geometry, oblique orientation, groove width and scale will be investigated through systematic research, which will be beneficial to analyze the function. On this basis, we will use software to establish the structural model and analysis of mechanical properties. By recognizing the natural mysteries, many biomimetic structures with different morphologies will be prepared through electrochemical deposition, solution bathing, template and self-assembled methods. These nanostructured materials with super Sticky and strong impact force will be developed. It has important application prospect for constructing biomimetic materials of cercaria in cutting metal and drilling materials, even in the military.

血吸虫病是严重危害人民身体健康和生命安全的重大传染病。血吸虫尾蚴是感染人和哺乳动物的唯一阶段，尾蚴可以数秒内侵入宿主，在这个过程中尾蚴头部和体部的体棘发挥了重要的作用。针对血吸虫尾蚴的生理特性，本项目奖从微观层次结构的角度出发，结合理论和实验的研究来阐释日本血吸虫尾蚴如何利用体棘特殊形态和微纳米结构来快速侵入宿主的这一自然现象。通过系统深入研究体棘的微观几何、倾斜取向、沟槽、尺度等参数，分析这些结构参数在钻穿过程中的作用。运用软件建立结构模型并分析力学性能。通过揭示自然奥秘，利用电化学沉积、溶液浸泡、模板和自组装等多种途径进行制备不同形貌的仿生阵列结构材料，以研制出具有超强粘性和强冲击力的仿生材料，并进行性质研究。构筑尾蚴仿生材料将在金属和其他材料切割和钻孔，甚至在军事上具有重要的应用前景。

本项目从微观层次结构的角度出发，结合理论和实验的研究揭示了日本血吸虫尾蚴体棘结构的功能。具体开展了以下四方面工作：日本血吸虫尾蚴体棘的微观几何、倾斜取向、沟槽、尺度等参数统计分析，认识了日本血吸虫尾蚴表面结构，系统地总结了尾蚴体棘结构信息；研究了尾蚴体棘结构的浸润性，观察并解释了尾蚴体棘表面水流的定向流动机制；实时跟踪了尾蚴运动行为研究，认识到尾蚴逸出水面的运动方式，以透明琼脂糖凝胶为模拟皮肤，系统测量了尾蚴钻穿过中的运动参数，实时观察了钻穿老鼠皮肤的过程，揭示了入侵的规律；在对日本血吸虫尾蚴体表多尺度体棘结构认识的基础上，利用机械打孔、电化学、模板复型等方法构筑一系列柔性仿生尾蚴体棘锥形结构材料，并利用静态接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜等方法表征微观形貌。总之，完成了项目计划书中拟定的研究内容，研究结果揭示了尾蚴入侵宿主的过程，并对设计金属切割和钻孔材料提供了实验依据。