目标测听中的掩蔽效应和听能增强技术研究

As yet, underwater sound target detection based on the listening judgement of the sonarman has been an important method to detect the underwater sound target with very poor signal condition. By now, there has been no automatic technique to replace the listening detection of the sonarman. The scientic problem related with the sonarman's listening detection is the masking effect of the target sound signal by the environmental noise signal...This project is plan to study the masking mechanism of the target sound by the noise based on a series psychological acoustic tests.It is plan to survey the listening threshold of the target sound under the typical noise masking conditions. With this study, it is plan to study and develop the listening training technique for the sonarman to improve their listening ability. The method to select sonarman is also to be studied. It is hope to improve the sonman's attention control ability and to decrease the masking threshold of the sonarman. ..The method to increase the signal-to-noise ratio is also to be studied to improve the signal quality played to the sonarman for listening detection. The non-auditory method to assist the listening detection is to be explored. This assistant technique is hoped to decrease the masking threshold of the listening detection...The proposal of this project is motivated by the application of underwater sound target detection. Besides the scientific significance, this project is also worth to be developed for application.

声呐员人工测听水下目标是在微弱信号条件下水下目标检测的重要手段，在目前还无法用自动检测技术来替代它。水下目标测听中的科学问题是听觉感知中噪声对目标信号的掩蔽效应。本课题拟对噪声对目标声的掩蔽效应进行深入的实验心理学研究，测量各类典型噪声掩蔽条件下，人工所能听测到的目标声的阈值。在此基础上探索针对声呐员的听能增强技术，包括声纳员的筛选、声呐员选择性注意能力的训练，以降低声呐员的掩蔽阈值；对信号进行增强处理，提高实际测听的信噪比等；用非听觉的辅助刺激来降低声呐员实际工作时的掩蔽阈等。本项研究具有重要的学术意义，同时结合了实际水下目标测听中的迫切需求，具有实际应用价值。

声音判听人员(声纳员)人工测听水下目标是在微弱信号条件下水下目标检测的重要手段，在目前还无法用自动检测技术来替代它。目标声的测听问题涉及到两个基础性的课题：一是不同类型的噪声对目标声的掩蔽效应；二是声音判听人员的掩蔽阈值在通过听感训练和辅助刺激的帮助下能够降低多少,即声音判听人员的听能增强技术是否可行。本课题针对目标声的测听问题,关于目标声测听的掩蔽效应和听能增强技术的研究工作分别从几个方面展开，涉及声音判听人员选材群体听觉掩蔽阈值的统计特性、各种噪声对各种目标声的掩蔽特性、习得过程与认知经验对个体掩蔽效应的影响、辅助刺激对任务场景下的掩蔽效应的影响，提出了声音判听人员进行听能选材的测量指标和评价标准，分析了选材指标的影响因素，测量了特定场景下不同类型的噪声掩蔽不同类型的目标声的掩蔽阈值、掩蔽特性曲线，提出了听能增强的方法，包括听音训练方法、记忆模式、辅助刺激等。关于复杂的背景噪声下的掩蔽效应、中国人群的掩蔽效应、习得和认知过程对个体掩蔽效应特性影响的研究弥补了我国在掩蔽效应研究领域里的空白点，具有重要的学术意义。听能选材的测量指标和评价标准为听觉职业选材方法的制定提供了参考，具有较高的实用价值。