磁悬浮飞轮储能系统中陀螺效应的利用及运行控制研究

The gyroscopic effect and magneric levitation technology are combined organically, and a flywheel battery research model is proposed，which has simple structure, high energy storage density and low cost. The related basic theory and key technology are studied emphasisly in view of the scientific problems of this new model system. The operating principle, new control method and theory are investigated. The research work mainly include: (1) The whole mathematical model of the system of the 3-dof magnetic levitation flywheel rotor is obtained through building the dynamic analysis model of the physical quantities' motion characteristics in the magnetic levitation system and the motion equations of the rotor's precession and nutation. (2) The influence of the rotor's precession and nutation on the electric machine's start and generation characteristics is explored by the study of the flywheel rotor's gyro- characteristics. Then, the influence of the flywheel is analyzed. The steady operating conditions and the start/stop transient behavior are researched. The new control method and algorithm are also investigated. (3) The influence of the parameters of flywheel rotor, the electric machine's start and generation characteristics on the levitation characteristics of the magnetic bearing are demonstrated through the research of the law of internal relationships between the physical quantities of the system. The mathematical expression is presented to calculate the critical speed when the magnetic bearing lost stability. (4) The current-minimazition control method and its influnce on the rotor's movement are studied. The Research Results will lay a theoretical basis for the design and development of the new system, and will further promote the application of flywheel battery in many more fields.

将陀螺效应和磁悬浮轴承技术有机结合起来，提出一种结构简单、储能密度高、成本低的飞轮储能系统。针对这种新型系统中的科学问题，重点研究与之相关的基础理论和关键技术，主要包括：（1）建立磁悬浮系统中各物理量运动特性的动态分析模型以及转子运行时进动和章动的运动方程，给出影响飞轮转子三自由度磁悬浮系统运行的总体数学模型。（2）研究飞轮转子陀螺特性，揭示进动、章动特性和电机磁偏拉力等对飞轮运动特性、电机起动/发电特性的影响规律。研究飞轮转子系统稳定工作条件和启停过渡特性及其新的控制方法，给出相应的控制算法。（3）研究系统中各物理量内在联系规律，揭示飞轮转子参数、电机起动/发电特性对磁悬浮轴承悬浮特性的影响，给出失稳的临界转速数学表达式。（4）研究了磁悬浮轴承电流最小化控制策略，以及该控制策略对转子运动状态的影响。研究成果为新型系统的设计和开发奠定理论基础，进一步推动飞轮电池在更多领域的应用。

能源是国家战略，一方面要大力发展新能源发电，另一方面也要对电能进行有效地存储。此外，一些高端领域对电能存储技术也了提出较高的要求，如航空航天、深海探测、高级交通设备、先进武器装备等，所以加大对电能存储技术的理论研究和应用研究显得尤为重要。本项目提出了一种结构简单、储能密度高、使用成本低的飞轮储能装置研究模型。针对这种新型模型系统中的科学问题，重点研究与之相关的基础理论和关键技术，主要包括：提出了一种新型轴向磁通双凸极永磁电机，建立了电机的等效磁路模型，推导出了该新型电机结构的通用尺寸设计公式，采用有限元仿真，验证了等效磁路模型的准确性和新型电机结构的可行性；提出了一种新型永磁偏置型轴向磁轴承，通过对磁轴承中各部分的漏磁系数和磁阻系数的循环迭代，得到了永磁偏置型轴向磁轴承的参数终值，并对设计终值进行有限元仿真与分析；利用有限元仿真，分析了所设计的磁悬浮轴承飞轮储能装置的动力学特性；针对上述系统中参数不对称所引起的耦合问题，提出了一种模态解耦交叉反馈控制系统，通过比较仿真验证了该方法的有效性。研究成果为新型系统的设计和开发奠定理论基础，进一步推动飞轮电池在更多领域的应用。