西北少数民族贫困地区小学生创造力发展特征、基因和环境影响因素及干预效果：追踪研究

By the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its 100th anniversary, China will become a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious socialist modernized country on its way to the ultimate great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern history. Chinese dream is largely influenced by the developmental level of poverty-stricken areas, especially in ethnical minority poverty-stricken areas of Northwest China. The stability and sustainable development of China is directly.affected by the education level of those areas, because creativity has been linked to the development of new social institutions and the leadership of extant institutions. Creativity, moreover, has been shown to play a role in entrepreneurial activities and long-term economic growth. On a more prosaic level, the “good” jobs available in modern information-based economies stress creative thought, whereas creativity has been linked to well-being and successful adaptation to the demands of daily life. The varied effects of creativity on the.nature and quality of our lives begs a question. How can we stimulate people’s creative efforts? Concretely children are our common future, how can we stimulate their creativity effectively?..The present study focuses on the connections between creativity and development, specifically, creativity development of primary school students of ethnical minority poverty-stricken areas of Northwest China and influences of genetic and environmental factors. Last but not least, three kinds of interventions will be utilized to improve their creativity, which include professional ability and competency-oriented teacher training intervention to teachers, creativity-oriented training intervention to pupils and nutrition-healthy information intervention to.parents...3615 pupils and their 227 teachers from Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province and Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have been recruited to participant in the present longitudinal project. Main methods will be consisted of measurements of divergent thinking, scientific creativity, artistic creativity and creativity personality. Three essential questions will be studies in the project. Firstly, how about are the developmental characteristics of creativity of pupils of ethnical minority poverty-stricken.areas of Northwest China. Secondly, how genetic and environmental factors would influence the development of pupils’ creativity. Thirdly, which kinds of intervention method matter for the promotion of these pupils. From the three issues, nine psychological studies have been designed to describe the characteristics of pupils’ creativity development, to explore core influencing factors of creativity development and to find out most effective intervention programs for creativity promotion. The present project could bring operational methods, scientific supports and effect strategies for policy makers, decision makers and practitioners of ethnical minority poverty-stricken areas of China.

少数民族贫困地区的人才培养状况直接影响中国未来的稳定与发展。本项目计划在甘肃省临夏回族自治州和新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州两个地区开展小学生创造力的追踪与干预研究。在五年中，共招募3615名来自两地共12所小学2-6年级学生和他们的227名教师作为被试。通过运用发散思维、科学创造力和艺术创造力及创造性人格测评的追踪测量来描述、刻画少数民族小学儿童创造力的发展趋势，在此基础上探讨分析影响其创造力发展的基因和环境（包括家庭环境和学校环境）变量，并发展出以教师培训、开设促进创造力的课程和营养与健康三个方面的干预方案，通过追踪监测不同干预方案对不同发展特点小学生发展影响的有效性。研究的目标是通过九项具体研究来建立西北少数民族贫困地区小学生创造力发展及影响因素追踪数据库和创造力培养方案库，为少数民族贫困地区儿童教育政策设计者、决策者和执行者提供可操作的办法、基于实证的数据支撑和可推广的有效策略。

研究团队以西北少数民族贫困地区小学生创造力发展特征、基因和环境影响因素及干预效果：追踪研究为中心开展了系列研究。首先，综述了创造力相关研究的进展，通过心理学、基因组学和教育学的研究方法，初步建立了西北少数民族贫困地区小学生创造力发展及影响因素的测评指标体系、遴选了相应的测量工具，并搭建了追踪的数据框架；进而，利用这样的指标与工具，项目团队对西北少数民族贫困地区小学生创造力的发展趋势做了刻画；第三，通过语文课和整本书阅读等渠道检验了将创造力培养原理与具体学科相结合的育人效果；第四，项目团队研发了旨在提升学生创新素养、发展教师专业能力的“思维型教学理论引领下的教师专业能力实训丛书”；第五，基于项目的研究基础，开发了支撑学生创新素质培养的心理健康教育教材系统，并覆盖小学到高中11个年级；第六，项目团队总结、凝练了学生创造力发展与教育方面的研究工作，将中小学生创新素质培养，与教师发展、师范生培养和教学创新紧密结合，形成了系列化、系统化和可推广的相关经验，荣获了各级教育教学成果奖、建设了一流课程，取得了良好的效果。.通过本项目，研究团队在甘肃省临夏州、青海省玉树州和新疆奎屯等地建立了实验基地，并可支持未来研究。为进一步深化教师培训和学校教育教学质量提升奠定基础。在此基础上，本项目为少数民族贫困地区儿童教育政策执行者提供了可操作的办法，为少数民族贫困地区儿童教育政策决策者的科学决策提供了基于实证的数据支撑，为国家少数民族教育制度设计者提供了初步经过科学影响评估方法验证的可推广的有效策略。