基于生态水文过程的山地城市水空间规划方法研究

Composed of rivers and wetlands, water space is the key resource and environmental carrier of the ecosystem in mountain cities. At present, the water space construction in mountainous cities did not follow the natural hydrological process, and did not fit the natural ecological environment either. The biggest shortcoming of water space planning, is lacking of understanding and prediction of eco-hydrological process which water space depends on. To solve this problem, related research results of eco-hydrology will be used in this project. Around the two core contents of eco-hydrological mechanism- - "habitat" and "process", this project will take information "simulation" technology as the assistant, in order to clarify the natural eco-hydrological process and the ideal space picture of the water space in mountain cities. The means of this project is to construct the city digital elevation model which will be then integrated into the mature distributed hydrological model. The guideline of this project is to explore the problem of space disappearing, which due to the artificial disturbance of natural hydrological space caused by urbanization. The criterion of this project is to minimize the disturbance of natural hydrological processes and ecological environment. In addition, the project will explore the restorative methods of the system and form in mountain city water space, then explore how these methods can be used to control and optimize construction land planning. The results of the project will provide a material space security to the integrated solving of the problems about water security, water ecology, water environment and water resources in mountain cities. The results will also improve the theoretical and practical basis for the mountain city ecological construction.

由水系和湿地所构成的水空间是山地城市生态系统赖以生存的关键资源和环境载体。而当前山地城市水空间建设难以因循自然水文过程、契合自然生态环境，其在规划中最大的缺失，是缺乏对水空间所依存的生态水文过程的理解和预测。针对该问题，本项目拟运用生态水文学的相关研究成果，围绕山地城市水空间生态水文发生机制中的"生境"和"过程"两大核心内容，以信息"模拟"技术为辅助，以厘清山地城市水空间自然生态水文发生过程和理想空间图景为目标；以构建城市数字高程模型，融入成熟的分布式水文模型为手段；以探寻城市对自然水文空间人工扰动所引发的空间缺失问题为导向；以最小化扰动自然水文过程和生态环境为准则；探寻山地城市水空间体系及形态修复的方法，探索城市水空间修复反控、优化建设用地规划的方法。项目成果将为山地城市水安全、水生态、水环境、水资源等问题的综合求解，提供物质空间保障，将完善山地城市生态化建设的理论与实践依据。

针对山地城市水空间的生态脆弱性，本项目通过对山水空间的生态认知，发现了“循水理山”的山地城市生态规划路径，并围绕山水空间承载的生态要素“过程—功能—形态”认知这一山地城市生态规划研究的核心，运用自然地理学、河流水文学、城市水文学、生态水文学、河流生态学、生态水工学、地貌学、河流地貌学、地图学、地图制图学、地貌制图学、摄影测量学、山地学、气候学、森林生态学、动物地理学、行为生态学等相关学科理论以及地理空间推理、地图信息综合、地理信息系统、可视化等技术方法，融入富有“积极生态保护”、“让自然做工”、“让社会做工自然”等理念，在山地城市生态规划的实践中，构建了由“循水理山的山水空间模拟”、“山水空间生态功能—过程解译”、“基于河流分类的山地溪河流生态修复”、“积极生态保护中的视觉景观管理”等组成的完整山地城市生态规划理论与方法。本项目成果对山地城市生态化建设，具有重要的理论和实践意义。