传统村落保护外部干预与内生秩序的耦合机制及规划调控

Conserving traditional villages has driven its great attention not only from the centre to the local, but also from the government decision-making to the non-governmental movement. Numerous of conservation works can be found to intervene in the traditional villages by various ideas and methods. Unfortunately, a large amount of them are not able to achieve the expected results. Some of them may even obtain negative outcomes. .Base on the general survey and categorizing of selected external conservation projects to the villages, this study reviews the intervention intensity of conservation projects and level of indigenous discipline of villages in two dimensions, analyses effect of their relationship to the project promotion and the goal of conservation; using the theory of system coupling, establishes the coupling degree model between external intervention and indigenous discipline. Furthermore, this study selects four representative cases in according with the intervention level of the conservation projects and the standard of the endogenous order within the villages. With the method of comparative sociology, this study reveals the coupling mechanism between external intervention and endogenous order through tracking and observing the cases during the whole implementation process. That’s a break through the localization dilemma in concepts and ideas about the external conservation projects carried out in traditional villages..By gradually fostering the endogenous order while weakening the external intervention with the conception of flexible planning, this study puts forward a way to promote the project’s implementation and protect traditional villages. This study contributes to achieving the goals of external conservation projects, as well as correcting some general deviations of implementing the conservation plan in a considerable extent.

传统村落保护已成为从中央到地方、从政府决策到民间行动的热点，大量保护项目基于不同的理念和方式介入到传统村落，然而项目实施结果往往达不到预期保护效果甚至适得其反。研究在对传统村落外部保护项目进行重点调查与分类的基础上，从项目介入村落的推进状况与村落内部特征的关联入手，考察项目干预强度和村落内生秩序水平两个维度，分析其强弱关系对保护项目推进及保护目标达成的影响；借鉴系统耦合理论，建立外部干预与内生秩序的耦合度模型；选取不同耦合关系的典型案例,进行全过程跟踪观察，结合比较社会学的方法，研究外部干预与内生秩序的耦合机制，在理念和思路上突破传统村落外部保护项目的本土化落实困境。在此基础上以弹性规划的理念，通过逐步培育本土内生秩序并弱化外部干预的具体案例实践，探索有效促进项目推进和传统村落保护的外部项目调控方法。本研究成果可有效促进保护项目的目标实现，也在相当程度上有效修正当下较为普遍的保护规划实施偏差。

本研究针对大量资金和精力投入传统村落保护，而推进并不理想或效果不及预期的现象，从项目干预强度和村落内生秩序水平两个维度切入，分析其内在的博弈关系及对项目推进与保护效果达成的影响，研究其耦合条件和机制，并以弹性规划的思想探索使外部干预和内生秩序相互耦合的规划调控策略。.研究取得的重要结果包括：构建了反映影响外部干预强度与内部秩序水平的两级指标体系及其强弱测度方法。基于外力与内力强弱程度，搭建二乘二组合的耦合分析框架，推演出四种极端的类型组合——强干预强秩序的对抗型，强干预弱秩序的专制型，弱干预强秩序的自组织型，和弱干预弱秩序的松散型；结合典型案例的追踪和比较，分析四类保护项目的内在矛盾和外在表现，建立起耦合机制理论，并以多案例进行了普适性验证。提出规划作为调控手段介入由外部项目和村落社区构成的复杂系统的必要性，并探讨了三个核心策略：动态调控项目不同阶段的内外力强弱度，使其相互匹配、良性互动；在既定政策方案下以规划技术方法协调保护目标与村民诉求；建立社区规划师制度，作为外部项目与村落社区的衔接桥梁。.取得两方面的关键数据：第一，建立起以五批中国传统村落、43类保护头衔和10处传统村落集中连片示范市的相关村落为基础的GIS数据库，并可持续进行信息更新与补充；第二，从项目特性与村落特性两方面，分别构建影响内外力强弱度的两级指标体系，并建立测度方法。.本研究借鉴系统耦合理论探究传统村落外部干预与内生秩序的耦合机制，不仅从理论上突破了外部保护项目的本土化困境，而且在实践中可以帮助分析项目与村落的适应性，提高决策的前瞻性，从而合理调配保护资源，有效降低介入成本，提升介入效果。弹性规划调控系统耦合的策略，可以有效推进项目实施与保护目标达成。