It has been well established that accumulation of bone fat caused by increased adipogenesis and decreased osteoblasts differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) plays important roles in pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates extra- and intra-cellular signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. However, its roles and mechanisms in regulation of bone metabolism and pathogenesis of osteoporosis are not known. Our preliminary data demonstrate that mTORC1-sepcific inhibitor rapamycin inhibits adipogenesis and potentiates osteoblasts differentiation from BMSC. Most importantly, rapamycin reduced accumulation of bone fat and bone loss in ovariectomized rat. Using inducible, osteoblast- or adipocyte-specific deletion of TSC1 (mTORC1 overactivation), Raptor (inhibition of mTORC1) and PPAR-gamma mice and BMSC, adipocyte and osteoblasts as cellular and animal models, this project aims to investigate the roles of mTORC1 in regulation the differentiation potential of BMSC and pathogenesis at the molecular, cellular and animal levels. The molecular and cellular mechanisms in this process will be further explored. The project will identify novel function of mTORC1 and mechanisms for bone metabolism and provide new targets for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)向成骨细胞分化减少,脂肪细胞分化增加是导致骨髓脂肪累积与骨质疏松的重要原因。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mTORC1)是接受细胞内外信号调节细胞生长与代谢的中心分子,但它在骨代谢调节与骨质疏松发生中的作用与机制不清楚。课题组前期研究发现mTORC1特异抑制剂雷帕霉素可抑制BMSC向脂肪细胞分化、促进其成骨分化,并抑制大鼠去卵巢引起的骨髓脂肪累积与骨丢失,提示mTORC1在骨代谢调节中起重要作用。本项目拟通过可诱导、成骨细胞与脂肪细胞特异性敲除TSC1(mTORC1过度激活)、Raptor(mTORC1通路被抑制)、PPAR-gamma基因的小鼠,以及敲除这些基因的BMSC、脂肪或成骨细胞等模型,研究mTORC1在决定BMSC分化方向与骨质疏松症发生中的作用,并探讨其细胞与分子机制,为骨代谢调节与mTORC1功能研究增加新内容,为骨质疏松防治提供新靶点。
骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)向成骨细胞分化减少,脂肪细胞分化增加是导致骨髓脂肪累积与骨质疏松的重要原因。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物 1(mechanistic target of Rapamycin complex 1, mTORC1)是接受细胞内外信号调节细胞生长与代谢的中心分子,但它在骨代谢调节与骨质疏松发生中的作用与机制不清楚。本研究通过成骨细胞与脂肪细胞特异性mTORC1活化或抑制的小鼠与细胞模型,探讨了mTORC1 在决定 BMSC 分化方向与骨质疏松症发生中的作用。我们发现:(1) mTORC1活化一方面促进成骨前体细胞增殖,另一方面通过激活Stat3/p63/Jagged1/Notch通路抑制其成熟分化。下调mTORC1或敲除Raptor能抑制成骨细胞前体的增殖,却促进其分化与成熟;敲除Tsc1 (tuberous sclerosis 1)引起的高活性mTORC1致使成骨细胞前体过度增殖,而其分化与成熟则被抑制,导致Tsc1敲除小鼠体内产生大量不成熟编织骨。(2) 脂肪细胞特异敲除Tsc1(mTORC1活化)小鼠出生后死亡,脂肪细胞特异敲除Raptor(mTORC1抑制)小鼠意外出现骨髓脂肪增加,成骨细胞与骨形成减少,导致骨质疏松的表型。(3) mTORC1活化引起淋巴细胞RANKL分泌增加,促进小鼠去卵巢引起的骨质疏松。mTORC1活化可负反馈抑制PI3-K/Akt,进而使beta-catenin降解增加、引起RANKL分泌增加,OPG减少,从而促进破骨细胞分化与骨吸收,引起骨质疏松。(4) n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)可通过抑制mTORC1,减少小鼠去卵巢引起的骨髓脂肪累积与骨丢失。(5) mTORC1活化促进BMSC增殖与成脂分化,抑制BMSC成骨分化与成熟,Rapamycin抑制mTORC1,减少小鼠骨髓脂肪累积与破骨细胞分化,从而延缓小鼠去卵巢引起的骨丢失。(6) 诱导成年小鼠成骨细胞mTORC1活化可减轻去卵巢引起的骨质疏松。因此,我们的研究证明了mTORC1信号在骨代谢调控中起重要作用,靶向调节BMSC、骨髓脂肪或成骨细胞mTORC1信号是防治骨质疏松的潜在策略。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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