GFRα1 is the membrane receptor of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). It is required for the migration and proliferation of parasympathetic neuronal precursors during early embryonic development. It functions as an oncogene upregulated in many cancers. Recently, we found for the first time that GFRa1 was activated by demethylation of CpG island during the development of cancers, and that the proportion of GFRα1 demethyaltion positively correlated with metastasis of cancers in the stomach, colon, and liver. Cancer patients with high level of GFRα1 demethylation had a shorter overall survival in several cohorts in China, Japan and Korean. Immunohistochemistry analysis shows that GFRα1 is upregulated in gastric cancer stromal cells, however, not expressed in normal/gastritis samples.Such phenomenon could not be observed in epithelial cells in stomach. As we all know that cancer stromal cells play important roles in metastasis. In the present project, we are going to characterize the exact cell type which expresses GFRα1 and investigate if the GFRa1 expressed in stromal cells directly involves in progression of cancer and its molecular pathways. We will also try to block the GFRa1 pathways using the GFRa1-specific antibodies and related tyrosine kinase inhibitors for experimental inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.Those studies mentioned above not only reveal the mechanism of overexpression of GFRα1 in stormal cells promoting the gastric cancer metastasis, but also supply the new anti-tumor targets.
GFRα1是神经胶质细胞营养因子GDNF的膜受体,能够促进神经元细胞的发育和迁移,在多种肿瘤中表达上调,具有癌基因的作用。我们前期在筛选肿瘤转移甲基化标志物时发现,GFRα1在胃癌组织中存在去甲基化活化,GFRα1甲基化与胃癌的发生和转移及患者的预后呈负相关关系。免疫组化分析显示,GFRα1在正常胃/胃炎中不表达,在胃癌组织及癌旁组织中高表达;且同以往其它肿瘤的研究不同,在胃癌中GFRα1仅在间质细胞表达。鉴于肿瘤间质细胞在肿瘤转移过程中的重要作用,本项目拟在上述工作的基础上,(1)明确GFRα1表达的间质细胞类型; (2)研究GFRα1在间质细胞表达促进胃癌转移的生物学作用和相关机制;(3)分析GDNF/ GFRα1在肌成纤维细胞促进肿瘤进展中的作用;(4)探索用GFRa1特异性抗体和蛋白激酶抑制剂等阻断GFRa1及其下游信号通路是否具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长和阻断肿瘤转移的作用。
GFRα1是神经胶质细胞营养因子GDNF的膜受体,能够促进神经元细胞的发育和迁移,在多种肿瘤中表达上调。我们前期在筛选肿瘤转移甲基化标志物时发现,GFRα1在胃癌组织中存在去甲基化活化,GFRα1甲基化与胃癌的发生和转移及患者的预后呈负相关关系。免疫组化分析显示,GFRα1在正常胃/胃炎中不表达,在胃癌组织及癌旁组织中高表达;且胃癌中GFRα1仅在间质细胞表达。本项目中,我们发现(1)初始模板量对以PCR分析为基础的GFRα1甲基化的检测结果有重要影响;(2)GFRα1甲基化具有预测胃癌转移的作用;(2)成纤维细胞GFRα1表达是其促进胃癌转移的主要途径,通过RET信号通路发挥作用;(3)GFRα1特异性抗体可以阻断肿瘤细胞的迁移能力。具体如下:. 首先为了建立稳定的GFRα1甲基化分析方法,保证实验结果的稳定性,用于后续样品的检测,我们系统地研究了初始模板量对GFRα1甲基化检测结果的影响,确定MethyLight分析所需最小模板量是9.4ng,排除假阴性结果。在此基础上,进一步在163例早期胃癌患者中开展前瞻队列研究,证明GFRα1甲基化降低胃癌患者转移的风险(9.1% vs.19.8%;校正OR=0.351, 95%CI:0.131-0.938),可作为预测胃癌转移的标志物。. 其次,利用激光捕获显微切割技术,分离胃癌实质和间质,确定GFRA1表达在肿瘤间质中。进而利用生物信息学及RT-PCR分析,鉴定GFRA1 mRNA主要表达在成纤维细胞中发挥促进胃癌转移的作用,且主要通过RET信号通路发挥作用。进一步,开展抗体阻断实验,发现GFRA1抗体可以有效的抑制肿瘤细胞的迁移能力。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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