抗生素抗性基因在饮用水处理系统的分布特征、形成机制与控制方法

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are one kind of emerging environmental pollutants, which are becoming one potential threat to both biosecurity in drinking waters and human health. The current program includes following contents: (1) Based on choice of typical drinking water treatment procedures in different cities, the distributions of characteristic ARGs in sources of drinking water and within the treatment systems will be investigated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Meanwhile, high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) will be carried out to determine the residues of antibiotics, so as to discover the connection between ARGs and the residues. (2) The correlations of ARGs to the dominant microorganism population and their activities in biological pretreatment and biological activated carbon treatment in drinking water systems will be investigated based on the metagenomics and DNA microarray technology. Based on the consideration on the influences of different treatments and related parameters, the mechanisms of ARGs formation and their transmission will be revealed. (3) Through simulation experiments in laboratory scale, key technical parameters, including antibiotic burdens, hydrodynamic conditions, adsorption materials and disinfectants, will be studied for their influences on ARGs control, so that the control methods of ARGs and corresponding parameters will be established. The aim of the current study is to investigate the biosecurity of typical drinking water treatments based on ARGs, to elucidate the formation mechanisms of ARGs in the treatment systems, to provide corresponding control methods and to provide theoretical and technical support for the drinking water security.

抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）是一种新型的环境污染物，对人类健康具有重大的潜在威胁，已成为饮用水一个新的生物安全问题。本研究拟选择我国典型地区不同城市饮用水处理工艺，现场调查结合实验室试验，调查和分析ARGs与抗生素浓度在水源和饮用水处理系统中的分布，筛选出特征ARGs，阐明ARGs分布与抗生素残留的关系；采用宏基因组学和DNA微阵列技术，研究ARGs与生物预处理、生物活性炭处理中微生物优势种群及其活性的关系，考察处理工艺及关键技术参数的影响，深入了解ARGs在饮用水处理系统中生成与传播扩散机制；采用实验室模拟试验，研究抗生素负荷、水力条件、吸附剂和消毒剂等关键技术参数对ARGs控制的影响，提出ARGs控制方法和工艺参数。本研究旨在揭示我国典型地区和饮用水处理工艺中ARGs生物安全性，诠释ARGs的生成机制，提出ARGs控制方法，为饮用水安全保障提供理论和技术支持。

项目针对饮用水中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的生物安全问题，建立了水源和饮用水抗生素与抗性基因测定方法，选择我国上海、太湖流域等7种不同城市饮用水处理工艺，通过现场调查和实验室试验相结合，调查和分析ARGs在水源和饮用水处理系统中分布特征，发现抗生素污染水平与抗性基因具有较好的相关性，磺胺类抗性基因和四环素类抗性基因是特征抗性基因。评估7个饮用水处理典型工艺中10种抗性基因处理效率，结果表明，深度处理和常规工艺的处理，对抗性基因在饮用水中去除效率70-90%，深度处理效率高于常规处理，氯消毒都可使ARGs含量显著下降。实验室模拟试验表明，水源中抗生素可诱导生物预处理抗性基因产生，并与微生物种群变化有关。提出控制原水抗生素浓度可有效控制ARGs生成，水源湿地是一种有效方法。本项研究揭示了我国典型地区和饮用水处理工艺中ARGs污染特征，探索了ARGs在饮用水处理系统中生成机制，提出ARGs控制方法，为我国饮用水安全保障提供理论指导和技术支持。