具有环境响应的智能纳米电化学生物传感器

The design and synthesis of environmental-stimulus responsive nano-materials have attracted great attentions in biomedical applications and many other fields. In this proposal, we aim to construct smart nano electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and environmental response through combination of environmental-stimulus responsive polymer and nano materials, as well as the enzymes/proteins with selective biocatalysis properties. The pH and temperature responsive nano-materials will be first fabricated by grafting environmental-stimulus responsive polymer to the surface of carbon nano-materials. Then, we can immobilize the enzymes/proteins on the surface of these as-prepared environmental-stimulus responsive nano-materials through adsorption, self-assemble, bonding and cross-linking, etc. to realize environmental responsive electrochemical biosensing films. In order to obtain the mechanism of electron transfer of biosensors for environmental stimuli, effects of type of environmental-stimulus responsive groups, structure and composition, molecular size, modified density on the environmental responsive behavior of biosensors will be investigated in detail by using electrochemical technology and characterization methods. The ultimate goal is the development of novel nano electrochemical biosensors possessing "on-off" properties with respond to environmental stimuli. These studies are expected to reveal the mechanisms of electron transfer and environment response behavior of environmental responsive electrochemical biosensing films, which can provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the development of new smart electrochemical sensors.

环境响应性纳米功能材料是生物医学等众多领域的研究热点。本课题旨在将环境响应性聚合物与纳米材料进行有机复合，结合酶/蛋白质的选择性生物催化特性，构建同时具备高灵敏度、高选择性和环境响应特性的智能纳米电化学生物传感器。项目将从温度和pH响应性聚合物着手，通过接枝反应将这些环境响应性聚合物引入碳纳米材料表面，继而通过吸附、组装、键合、交联等技术实现酶/蛋白质在环境响应性纳米材料表面的高效负载，构建环境响应性纳米电化学生物传感膜。结合各种电化学和表征方法，详细探讨环境响应基团种类、聚合物结构和组成、分子量大小，聚合物修饰密度对智能生物传感器环境响应特性的影响，获取环境刺激下智能生物传感器的电子传递机理。最终目标是所构建的纳米电化学生物传感器能根据环境变化进行智能"开关"。本课题研究有望获取环境响应性智能生物传感膜的电子传递机理和环境响应机制，为智能电化学传感器的发展提供新思路和理论依据。

本项目合成了21种环境响应型高分子聚合物，并使用碳纳米材料和金属纳米材料对其进行功能化，成功设计构建了28种具有环境响应的智能纳米（生物）电化学传感器。目前，已经在国际高水平SCI期刊上发表论文15篇，1位博士与14名硕士已获得学位。.具体研究内容如下：1、合成了7种以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为主体的聚合物，3种以N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺类聚合物，4种N-乙烯基己内酰胺类聚合物，4种2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯类聚合物，聚丙烯酸，聚乙烯亚胺等共21种优秀性能的环境响应聚合物。2、使用纳米材料对聚合物进行了功能化研究，增强了其电化学性能，制备了数十种电化学性能良好纳米材料-聚合物复合材料。3、使用复合材料构建了28种（生物）电化学传感器，研究了聚合物与纳米材料的作用机理、外界刺激对复合材料的作用机理、复合材料的电化学行为。4、研究了构建的传感器在实际小分子检测中的应用，得到了满意的结果。该项目完善响应型聚合物在电化学上的机理，构建了多种新颖的具有刺激响应的（生物）电化学传感器，充实了刺激响应（生物）电化学传感器的理论与实际应用研究，为（生物）电化学传感领域开辟了新的研究方向，具有很好的应用前景。