空域矩阵滤波技术及其在水声信号处理中的应用研究

The spatial matrix filter can be used for the direction of arrival estimation and the matched field proceesing. It can achieve higher direction resolution, and achieve the direction or location estimation ability more than the number of array elements. Even though the technology has been used powerfully in the underwater signal processing, there are still a lot of unresolved problems need our research. First, the spatial matrix filter system info need to be built urgently. 1. the design of spatial matrix fitler with continuously type need to be investigated; 2. the design of spatial matrix filter with random array elements should be studied based on the uniform linear array; 3. the design of broad band spatial matrix filter should be studied; 4. the design of adaptive spatial matrix fitler need to be stydied. 5. the influence and restrict factors to signal detection of this technology should be generally studied theoretically. Second, the technology should be used urgently for resolving some important problems such as towed liear array sonar platform noise suppression, weak target detection with strong interference and the surface of underwater target resolution. By using of the real sea environment, the target direction and location estimation algrithms, aim at the platform noise interference or the surface strong target interference, design the spatial matrix filter with given location or surface/ undersurface large-scale area suppression. The array data is filtered before they are used for direction of arrival estimation or matched field processing, which is the most feasible scheme to resolve the problems discussed.

空域矩阵滤波用于目标方位估计或匹配场处理，能获得更高的方位辨识精度，和超出阵元数的定向或定位能力。虽然该技术在水声信号处理中已有成功应用，但还存在大量问题需要深入研究。 首先，急需建立完善的空域矩阵滤波理论体系。一、需要研究连续型空域矩阵滤波器设计方法；二、需要在等间距线列阵基础上，研究任意阵形空域矩阵滤波器设计方法；三、需要研究宽带空域矩阵滤波器设计方法；四、需要研究自适应空域矩阵滤波器设计方法；五、从理论上系统地研究该技术对信号检测的影响及其制约因素。 其次，急需利用该技术解决水声信号处理中的拖曳线列阵声纳平台噪声抵消、强干扰下弱目标检测、水面水下目标分辨等重要问题。结合声纳使用的实际海洋环境和目标定向、定位算法，针对平台噪声干扰或水面强目标干扰，设计具有定点抑制功能或水面、水下大区域抑制功能的空域矩阵滤波器，在阵列数据用于目标方位估计或匹配场定位前滤波，是解决上述问题的最可行方案。

项目针对水声阵列信号处理，创建了完善的空域矩阵滤波理论体系，并用该技术解决拖曳线列阵声纳平台噪声抵消、强干扰下弱目标检测、水面水下目标分辨等问题。.在空域矩阵滤波理论体系构建方面，建立了典型线列阵、圆阵、平面阵列的远场平面波入射模型和近场球面波入射模型，建立了基于复杂声场模型的匹配场信号接收模型。结合目标方位估计和匹配场处理中空域矩阵滤波技术的应用，利用方向向量和拷贝向量，构建了统一的空域滤波器设计方法。研究了离散型、响应加权离散型、连续型、宽带、自适应等空域矩阵滤波技术。.在水声信号处理方面，研究了该技术在远场平面波强干扰抑制中的应用，利用仿真和海试数据检验了空域数据处理前后的性能；研究了该技术在匹配场处理中的应用，实现了水面强干扰抑制条件下的水下弱目标深度、距离定位；研究了该技术在拖曳线列阵声纳拖船辐射噪声干扰抑制中的应用，有效减少了声纳端首附近探测盲区的范围。.基于项目成果，撰写专著1部，译著1部，编写编著3部；获批国防专利2项、国家发明专利1项，申报国家发明专利5项；发表论文16篇。.项目研究成果已用于新型快速布放声纳装备研发和现有某型拖曳声纳装备改造，具有较大的学术价值和军事价值。