“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式提高玉米产量的根系生理生态机制

It's well known that current tillage techniques have played an important role in increasing maize yield in the past years, however, they fail to elevate the maize yield sequentially in practices. So exploring and establishing a more effective tillage methods become one of the critical measures for high-yielding maize production.Fortunately, a new type technique called compact seedbed and loose ridge furrow alternative tillage methods is applied in Northeast of China. And it promotes the maize yeild significantly. Unfortunately, it is less known that the root characteristics and eco-physiological mechanisms of compact seedbed and loose ridge furrow alternative tillage enhancing the maize yield. Therefore, it is urgent to study the relationship of the interaction of new-type soil tillage methods and the maize yield, especially to research the root traits and eco-physiological mechanisms since the root supplying the nutrients and water from the soil. .The aim of this project is to compare the effects of compact and loose seedbed with loose and compact ridge furrow alternative tillage, all compact and loose with seedbed and furrow tillage methods on maize yield. And we will analyze the common law and individual differences of corn growing in different tillage field, explore the variation of root morphology, nutrient uptake and utilization characteristics, evaluate the relationship to soil micro-environment in the compact seedbed and loose ridge furrow alternative tillage. .The effect of different tillage on the nutrient absorption distribution, root senescence and yield formation of aboveground plant growing in different tillage field also will be determined. Eventually, the root eco-physiological mechanisms of compact seedbed and loose ridge furrow alternative tillage increasing corn yield will be explained via this project. In addition, it will provide a theoretical basis for the topsoil theory development and high-yield maize cultivation.

耕作方式的持续改进在提高玉米产量方面发挥了重要作用，但当前的耕作方式已无法满足玉米进一步高产的需求，建立更合理的耕作方式是玉米高产的主要措施之一。根系是玉米植株从土壤获取营养物质的最重要器官，通过根系生理生态性状研究土壤耕作方式与玉米产量的关系非常重要。本项目在前期试验已证明"苗带紧行间松"型耕作方式提高玉米产量的基础上，通过人力压实土壤构建苗带紧行间松、苗带松行间紧、全紧和全松型耕作方式，分析不同耕作方式下玉米在不同生育时期的土壤-根系-产量关系的共性规律和个体差异；主要研究"苗带紧行间松"型耕作方式下玉米根系建成生物学、养分吸收特性和衰老生理学特性的变化及其与土壤微环境的关系；"苗带紧行间松"型耕作方式下玉米根系对地上部植株养分吸收分配、衰老及产量形成的影响。最终揭示"苗带紧行间松"型耕作方式提高玉米产量的根系生理生态机制，为耕层理论发展及玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。

耕作方式的持续改进在提高玉米产量方面发挥了重要作用，但当前的耕作方式已无法满足玉米进一步高产的需求，建立更合理的耕作方式是玉米高产的主要措施之一。本项目通过人力压实土壤构建苗带紧行间松、苗带松行间紧、全紧和全松4种耕作方式，研究不同耕作方式下玉米在不同生育时期的土壤-根系-产量关系的共性规律和个体差异。主要从以下3个方面进行研究：（1）“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式下土壤微环境的变化；（2）“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式对玉米根系建成生物学、养分吸收及衰老生理学特性的影响；（3）“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式下玉米根系对地上部植株生长发育的影响及其与产量形成的关系。采用田间试验与室内测定相结合的方法，得到如下主要结果：（1）“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式通过增加土壤水分含量，土壤养分含量促进玉米植株生长。（2）“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式的根系活力和平均直径最大，根长和根干重低于全松型耕作方式，说明苗带紧行间松型耕作方式通过提高根系质量来增加产量。（3）“苗带紧行间松”型耕作方式通过促进根茎的干物质和氮磷钾等养分向籽粒转运，提高光合效率和增加灌浆速率来提高玉米产量。（4）提高玉米产量可以通过增加整株干物重、养分偏生产力、氮含量、氮素吸收效率、磷贡献率来实现。本项目按计划完成研究内容和预期指标，培养博士研究生1名，博士后1名；发表研究论文5篇，其中重点期刊3篇；获得省级奖励1项。