渴望及其对农村居民收入差距的影响研究

From the theoretical perspective, it is an important challenge for development economics to study and solve the problem of continuously widening income gap in the process of economic and social development.From the perspective of policy decision-making, how to effectively narrow the income gap is a major problem facing the government. Aspirations, as a key factor affecting the endogenous dynamics of individual behavior decision-making, has an important impact on the income gap of rural residents in the region.To this end, this project takes aspirations as the starting point and analyzes the concept of aspirations from economics, psychology and anthropology.From an interdisciplinary perspective, this project discusses the formation mechanism of aspirations, and constructs a theoretical analysis framework of the influence of aspirations on income gap.Combined with the micro-tracking data of the whole village, OLS, mediation effect model and fractional difference regression model were used to conduct empirical tests on the formation mechanism of aspirations and the influence of aspirations on income gap.Finally, according to the results of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, design the aspirations of the group of low aspirations to stimulate the program and reduce the regional income gap countermeasures and suggestions.

从理论视角看，研究解决经济社会发展过程中出现的收入差距持续扩大问题是发展经济学面临的重要挑战;从政策决策视角看，如何有效缩小收入差距问题是政府面临的重大难题。渴望作为影响个体行为决策内生动力的关键因素，对区域内农村居民收入差距具有重要影响。为此，本项目以渴望为出发点，从经济学、心理学和人类学对渴望的概念进行解析；从跨学科视角，探讨渴望的形成机理，并构建渴望影响收入差距的理论分析框架；结合整村微观追踪数据，采用OLS、中介效应模型、分位差回归模型对渴望形成机理和渴望对收入差距影响进行实证检验。最后，根据理论分析和实证分析的结果，设计低渴望群体的渴望激发和提升方案和缩小区域内部收入差距的对策建议。

伴随着精准扶贫方略的成功实施和乡村振兴战略的稳步推进，制约农民发展的外在约束得到逐步缓解，农民在收入上取得了较快增长，但区域内部农民收入差距仍然居高不下。而从影响农民发展内生动力的关键因素——收入渴望着手，解析农民收入差距的成因，对于缩小区域内部收入差距具有重要意义。基于此，课题组系统界定了渴望概念的内涵、特征与边界，从社会比较、渴望适应、自我效能感和控制点等四方面，提出了渴望形成机理的跨学科整合框架，构建了收入渴望影响农户行为进而影响农户收入差距的理论框架。. 通过对两个整村苹果种植户的追踪调查，课题组形成了一套独具特色微观面板数据库。以此数据库为基础，课题组通过实证分析发现，收入渴望对农户借贷行为和生产性投入具有重要影响，并且收入渴望会扩大农户收入差距。在收入渴望形成机理的实证分析结论基础上，课题组从提高家庭苹果种植收入、促进家庭决策者与高收入群体的社会比较、提高家庭决策者的经济自我效能感和促使家庭决策者更倾向于内控四方面针对提高低收入群体的收入渴望提出对策建议。. 课题组共发表标注基金号的学术论文9篇（含2篇录用），出版学术专著1部，获得省部级二等奖1次。