留学归国人才知识网络空间演化机理与区域创新效应——以中关村为例

The knowledge Economy and globalization are the two major trends of the world's economic development. On the one hand, in the context of knowledge economy, knowledge network has become the focus issues of the spatial innovation research. On the other hand, globalization requires more attention be paid to external knowledge connection and internal link in the process of regional innovation. Cluster knowledge network lays emphasis on internal relation, while urban knowledge network attaches more on external relation. However, there is rarely research incorporating internal and external links into local knowledge network. Therefore, how to incorporate internal and external links into local knowledge network? How to discover the spatial evolutionary mechanism of local knowledge network? And how the knowledge network influences regional innovation? Those questions above need to be solved in the study of knowledge network. Thus, the project will construct the analytical framework of knowledge network by integrating the concepts of Economic Geography of Talent, Relational Economic Geography, and Evolutionary Economic Geography. Selecting the returned talents as a carrier of knowledge and taking Zhongguancun National Innovation Demonstration Zone as a study case. Questionnaire survey, typical interviews and network analysis methods will be employed for the research. Firstly, the structure of nodes, types of ties, spatial structure and evolutionary mechanism of knowledge networks will be analyzed. Secondly, the influence of regional innovation performance, incremental innovation and radical innovation will be researched. At last, the innovative role-model played by Returned talents in Zhongguancun will be talked about. This study will exert important significance both in theoretically and practically. It can extract the relation mode of how transnational high-tech talents affect the regional innovation in a particular condition and advance the study on the talent relational schema between the existing nations. In reality, it can provide a theoretical reference for developing national/regional talent introduction strategy, constructing National Innovation Demonstration Zone and innovative region.

知识经济和全球化时代，知识网络成为空间创新研究的热点，也成为区域创新实践的重要工具。知识的地方内部交流与地方外部联系已成为提升区域创新能力的"双臂"，然而如何将内外知识连接共同纳入地方知识网络的研究？如何揭示地方知识网络的空间演化机理？知识网络如何影响区域创新？通过构建和发展融人才循环/人才反馈、关系根植/网络嵌入、路径依赖/路径创新等概念形成的知识网络分析框架，以国内首个"国家自主创新示范区"和"人才特区"- - 中关村为案例地，选择具有跨国学习经历的留学归国人才作为知识联系的载体，运用问卷调查、典型访谈和网络分析方法，对地方知识网络的节点构成、连接类型、空间结构和演化机理进行研究，探讨留学归国人才及其知识网络对渐进创新和激进创新的影响，分析知识网络的区域创新效应，提炼特定地域情境下的留学归国人才作用于区域创新的模式，为国家人才引进和创新型国家建设提供理论依据。

跨国高技术人才是推动区域创新的重要力量，受到各国政府重视；国家政府十分重视发挥留学归国人才在创新型国家建设中的作用。所选案例中关村是国家首个自主创新示范区和人才特区，拥有大量留学归国人才，具有典型性和影响力。本项目将留学归国人才作为外向型知识流动的重要载体，运用知识网络的研究视角，探讨了留学归国人才知识网络与区域创新的关系。本项目构建了“归国人才三角”理论分析框架，选择生物医药归国博士研发团队作为典型案例，分析了知识网络的构成、空间结构、演化机理及其与创新的关系，发现留学归国人才所具备的新异知识和对外知识联系渠道对创新具有重要激发促进作用，在国内的社会和工作关系也成为开展异地合作创新的重要资源。本项目运用中关村分行业留学归国人才及其创新产出统计数据，测算了不同类型留学归国人才对中关村创新的影响效应，发现归国人员数量和比值与各行业创新绩效不存在明显的正相关关系，留学归国人员虽然有助于行业的外向型创新效率，但作用不明显；同时发现归国人员数量和比值与各园区创新绩效也不存在显著的相关关系，但对园区外向型创新具有一定促进作用。本项目总结了四种留学归国人才作用于区域创新的模式，分别是人才外流模式、人才反馈模式、人才循环模式和人才失衡模式，为国家人才引进提供理论支撑。本项目针对中关村创新需求，提出了海外人才引进和创新环境营造的政策建议，发挥了研究的社会价值。本研究提出的中国国情下留学归国人才作用于区域创新的理论框架和作用模式，是对人才地理学理论的有益补充，可为国家人才引进工作和制度人才政策提供参考。