碳系滑板剥层磨损/载流特性的耦合关系及其相互作用机制研究

The carbon strips are used in the pantograph-catenary system widely because of its perfect conductivity and frictional properties. Under the condition of high speed, heavy load and high electric current, the service life of the strip and the current-carrying efficiency are influenced seriously by the delamination wear of the carbon strip. The exsiting research on the delamination wear of the carbon strip is less. The cause of the delamination wear and the coupling relationship between the delamination wear and the current-carry properties have not been studied clearly. The proposed project is hereby focused on investigating the coupling relationship of delamination wear / current- carrying and its mechanism of carbon strip-copper alloy contact wire triboelectric pairs. Firstly, the effects of various experimental conditions on the properties of delamination wear and current- carrying will be conducted. The coupling relationships between the delamination wear and the current-carry properties will be investigated also. Based on the analysis of the microstructures and components on the worn surfaces, the properties of delamination wear and current- carrying can be revealed and their correlation will be clarified. The feasibility solution of decreasing or controlling the delamination wear will be proposed. Finally, the coupling framework of delamination wear/current-carrying characteristic will be set up, and the specials of delamination wear behaviors will also be discussed. The proposed project research is expected to enrich the art of the current state of triboelectric theory, and also to supply constructive suggestions for the design and safe operation of the engineerings in traffic, energy, etc.

碳系滑板材料因其优异的导电、摩擦学性能，广泛用于弓网系统中。在高速、大电流的条件下，碳系滑板剥层磨损严重影响滑板使用寿命和弓网载流效率，甚至成为制约高铁技术发展的关键因素。现有关于碳系滑板剥层磨损研究较少，且未对其成因以及与载流行为的耦合关系进行系统研究。本项目拟以碳系材料/铜合金摩擦副为例，系统开展滑板剥层磨损/载流特性的变化规律、耦合关系及机制研究。在阐明不同试验条件下滑板剥层磨损的变化规律、载流特性和耦合关系的基础上，结合微观形貌分析和成分分析等手段，揭示高速载流摩擦过程中碳系滑板材料剥层磨损和载流特性的机理及耦合关系，提出减少甚至抑制滑板材料剥层磨损的可行性方案，进而建立剥层磨损/载流耦合机制并探讨碳系滑板剥层磨损的行为特性。该研究不仅有助于丰富载流摩擦学理论，而且有望为交通、能源等领域的载流摩擦学问题提供有益借鉴。

本项目在国家高速铁路快速发展的大背景下，展开对高速铁路弓网系统碳滑板的相关研究。项目借助时速高达350km/h的高速载流磨损试验机，针对碳系滑板中两类常用滑板（即纯碳滑板和浸金属碳滑板）在高速载流滑动过程中的剥层磨损现象以及载流特性进行深入系统地研究，旨在探明引起和加剧滑板剥层磨损因素的基础上，提出控制滑板剥层磨损的可行性方案。另外，滑板的载流特性直接关系到高速铁路运营的安全性和可靠性，在探究影响滑板载流性能的前提下，提出提高滑板载流性能的具体措施，最后，得出碳系滑板剥层磨损及其载流性能之间存在的耦合关系。. 研究结果表明：1.高速载流条件下，剥层磨损是碳滑板严重磨损的主要因素之一，抑制滑板剥层磨损是减少高速滑板磨损的有效途径之一。2. 严重的电弧烧蚀是产生剥层磨损的最直接原因，因此，抑制电弧放电现象可以减少甚至抑制剥层磨损现象。3. 碳滑板表面电阻率随着电弧放电能量的增大而逐渐变大，尤其是有剥层磨损的区域，电阻率骤然上升，因此抑制剥层磨损可以提高碳滑板的载流特性。4. 试验研究不同工况参数（法向载荷、速度、电流、电弧放电能量）对碳系滑板载流磨损特性尤其是剥层磨损的影响，得出：减小滑板的法向振动可以减小甚至抑制剥层磨损现象，目前减小振动的方法有：合理选取滑板与接触线之间的法向载荷（弓网系统最佳法向加载载荷的选取方法）；减小路面的平整度，避免因颠簸引起的离线问题。以上试验研究结果不仅丰富了载流摩擦学的理论研究，而且也为高速铁路减少碳滑板磨损实践提出了可供参考的相关措施、方法。