基于离子交换的真空平板钢化玻璃封接成形及钢化玻璃损伤机理研究

Vacuum plat glass(VPG) sealed by common glass can not meet the requirements of safety glass in terms of bending strengthen and shock strengthen. The strength can be significantly improved when replacing tempered glass with vacuum flat tempered glass. However, the physical environment(more than 400℃) and sealing forming mechanism for VPG would leads to damage and even self-destruction for tempered glass. In this research, VPG is formed novelty based on the ion-exchanged chemically tempered glass. The distribution of supporting stress and sealing residual stress of the tempered glass are established by finite element to study the thermal mechanical coupling of vacuum plat tempered glass(VPTG) in the sealing process and to analyzes the effect of sealing solder in the solidification process to damage mechanism of VPTG. This research also discusses the influence of support pillar to damage mechanism of VPTG, analyzes the effect of sealing process to the performances of VPTG and establishes performance assessment system and tempered damage evaluation system for VPTG. Above findings and researches have important theoretical values and realistic significance to optimize the sealing process of VPTG, improve machining quality and production efficiency, reduce production cost and even promote scientific development and higher-end product of VPTG.

由普通玻璃封接成形的真空平板玻璃，其抗弯强度与抗冲击强度达不到安全玻璃使用要求，通过采用钢化玻璃替代普通玻璃制得真空平板钢化玻璃可有效提高其强度，然而真空玻璃封接的物理环境（高于400℃）及封边成形机制会造成钢化玻璃的损伤甚至“自爆”。本课题采用基于离子交换的化学钢化玻璃制成真空平板玻璃，利用有限元建立钢化玻璃支撑应力、封边残余应力的分布，研究真空平板钢化玻璃封接过程中的热力耦合作用机理，分析封边焊料凝固过程中对真空平板钢化玻璃的损伤影响，探讨支撑柱对真空平板钢化玻璃的损伤机理，研究封接工艺对真空平板钢化玻璃性能影响，创立真空平板钢化玻璃性能评估与钢化损伤评价方法。上述研究对确定与优化真空平板钢化玻璃封接成形工艺，提高加工质量与生产效率，降低生产成本，对推动真空平板玻璃的科研和深层次的高端产品开发有着重要的理论价值和现实意义。

由普通玻璃制成的真空玻璃因抗弯、抗冲击强度低，不符合安全使用要求，而利用钢化玻璃制成钢化真空玻璃可显著提高产品强度。本课题运用弹性力学等相关理论建立了钢化真空玻璃力学模型，分析其在大气压均布载荷以及支撑柱集中载荷下的应力与应变响应，采用ANSYS软件研究分析了支撑柱排布间距、高度及直径对钢化真空玻璃支撑应力与变形的影响，综合制造工艺及支撑稳定性考虑，建议钢化真空玻璃的支撑柱排布间距为50mm、高度为0.3mm、直径为0.6mm。在真空环境下对预应力120MPa的钢化玻璃进行了退火试验，结果表明，350℃以上环境加热后钢化玻璃表面应力退化明显，在350℃环境加热3小时后残余应力降至接近国家标准的钢化玻璃最低预应力值90MPa。以AgO系低熔点焊料作为钢化真空玻璃的封边焊料，并通过封接强度测试、SEM、EDS、XRD等测试方法研究不同封接温度下封接层的结构和强度情况、元素扩散情况和焊料析晶情况，结果表明，260℃~270℃封接温度范围内，AgO系低熔点焊料表现出良好的封接性能，可用于钢化真空玻璃封接。采用多元统计分析方法进行钢化真空玻璃损伤评价研究，制定了各项性能指标的评价参数，运用分层聚类分析方法对钢化真空玻璃损伤程度进行优劣分类，创立真空平板钢化玻璃性能评估与钢化损伤评估模型。