兼具单价选择性和耐污染性能的阴离子交换膜构建及其微结构调控

By adopting the functional monomers which contain halogenated alkyl, the halogenated alkyl is introduced into the side chain of polymers by the way of homopolymerization or copolymerization with other functional monomers. Thus, polymers which have different compositions, structure units, and functional side groups are obtained. Anion exchange membranes could be developed through aminating the functional polymer membranes by using amine with different structures . The technology of cell membrane structure mimetic and azide anchor are used respectively on the membrane surface to construct a function layer, the modified membrane have the ability of monovalent selectivity and anti-fouling as well as long running stability. Effects of the method of functional layer structure and morphology and film forming conditions on the monovalent permselectivity anion exchange membrane performance (monovalent selectivity, anti-fouling properties, etc.) are investigated, the relationship between the function layer structure and properties are revealed; Theoretical models are established to discuss the interrelationship between the structure and properties of the modified membranes through applying the anion exchange membrane with functional modification for the electrodialysis concentration of reverse osmosis concentrated drainage. The controlling strategy on the microstructure of the functional modification structure and its performance is proposed. New materials and methods to prepare the monovalent ion selective exchange membrane were oriented into application.

从含卤代烷基的功能单体出发，采用均聚或与其他功能单体共聚的方式将卤代烷基引入到聚合物侧链上，合成不同组成、结构单元的含功能侧基的聚合物并成膜，然后用不同结构的胺对功能聚合物膜进行胺化制得阴离子交换膜基膜。分别采用仿细胞膜结构和叠氮锚定等技术在膜表面构筑功能层，使阴离子交换膜兼具单价选择性和耐污染性，同时具有长期运行稳定性。研究功能层构筑方法和成膜条件对单价离子选择性交换膜性能（单价选择性、耐污染性等）的影响，揭示功能层结构与性能的关系。将功能化改性的阴离子交换膜用于电渗析浓缩反渗透浓排水，建立理论模型，探讨功能化改性膜的结构与性能之间的内在关系，提出功能化改性的结构性能调控机制，为构建面向应用的单价离子选择性交换膜制备提供新材料和新方法。

电渗析技术浓缩海水制盐以及NaCl/ Na2SO4混盐分离过程中，膜污染是电渗析过程急需解决的问题。由于水体中存在荷负电的有机物，如表面活性剂、腐殖质、蛋白质等，其将与荷正电的阴离子交换膜表面产生静电吸附，导致阴离子交换膜的污染，从而造成膜面电阻增加，膜的分离选择性降低。而且，疏水性有机物与疏水性膜表面的相互作用同样也会造成膜的污染，因此，在赋予阴离子交换膜单多价选择性的基础上，需改善离子膜的耐污染性能。从含卤代烷基的功能单体出发，采用均聚或与其他功能单体共聚的方式将卤代烷基引入到聚合物侧链上，合成不同组成、结构单元的含功能侧基的聚合物并成膜，然后用不同结构的胺对功能聚合物膜进行胺化制得阴离子交换膜基膜。分别采用仿细胞膜结构和叠氮锚定等技术在膜表面构筑功能层，使阴离子交换膜兼具单价选择性和耐污染性，同时具有长期运行稳定性。调控功能层构筑方法和成膜条件对单价离子选择性交换膜性能（单价选择性、耐污染性等）的影响，调控功能层结构与性能的关系。将功能化改性的阴离子交换膜用于电渗析浓缩反渗透浓排水，建立理论模型，探讨功能化改性膜的结构与性能之间的内在关系，提出功能化改性的结构性能调控机制，为构建面向应用的单价离子选择性交换膜制备提供新材料和新方法。通过设计和构建单价选择性阴离子交换膜，揭示功能层构筑方法和成膜条件对阴离子交换膜性能（单价选择性、耐污染性等）的影响，阐明功能层调控膜结构和性能的内在本质，实现功能化改性阴离子交换膜兼具单价选择性和耐污染性，同时具有长期稳定性。