兼具抗污染和耐氯功能的聚酰胺反渗透膜微结构构建与性能研究

Reverse osmosis has become the key and important support technology for the alleviation of water shortage and solution of water pollution. However, the major problems or drawbacks facing with the aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane, a dominant reverse osmosis membrane with both high selectivity and permeability, are membrane fouling and chlorine susceptibility. The objective of this proposal is to improve the fouling resistance and chlorine stability of the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane simultaneously through the construction of membrane micro-structure. Structural construction will be conducted through controlled surface grafting by considering the purposes of the reduction of chlorination reaction site, the introduction of sacrifice function groups, the improvement of surface hydrophilicity, as well as the introduction of the steric repulsion effect. The mechanism for the structural construction of the polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with the properties of fouling resistance and chlorine stability will be clarified through studying the relationship between the membrane structure and functionalities, and the method for the construction of membrane micro-structure will be set up through investigating the relationship between the membrane structures and grafting technique. Through the complement of this proposal, new theory about the functional modification of membrane material, new method and strategy for the solution of the drawbacks of membrane fouling and chlorine susceptibility, as well as reverse osmosis membranes with high separation performance and properties of both fouling resistance and chlorine stability will be obtained.

反渗透是当前缓解水资源短缺和解决水污染问题的重要支撑技术，但作为当前反渗透膜的主流产品，聚酰胺反渗透膜在应用中迫切需要解决的关键问题是膜污染和氯化降解。本项目拟采用表面接枝技术，以聚酰胺反渗透膜的氯化降解和污染机理为指导，对聚酰胺反渗透膜表面微结构进行二次构建，制备兼具抗污染和耐氯化降解功能的聚酰胺反渗透膜。通过减少膜表面氯化作用位点或同时引入牺牲性基团，提高膜耐氯性能；通过提高膜表面亲水性和引入物理阻隔作用，同步赋予膜表面抗污染功能。通过研究膜微结构与膜功能间的构效关系，探明兼具抗污染和耐氯功能的膜微结构构建机理；通过关联膜微结构与接枝工艺间的关系，建立兼具抗污染和耐氯功能的膜微结构构建方法。兼具抗污染和耐氯功能的聚酰胺反渗透膜微结构构建与性能研究，将建立聚酰胺反渗透膜功能化新理论，获得兼具抗污染与耐氯功能的高性能反渗透膜及制备新方法。

本项目紧紧围绕聚酰胺反渗透膜在应用中迫切需要解决的关键问题--膜污染和氯化降解。以聚酰胺反渗透膜的氯化降解和污染机理为指导，以表面接枝改性技术为核心，对聚酰胺反渗透膜表面微结构进行二次构建，通过减少膜表面氯化作用位点和引入牺牲性基团等途径提高膜耐氯性能，通过提高膜表面亲水性和引入物理阻隔作用，同步赋予膜表面抗污染功能，获得兼具抗污染和耐氯化降解功能的聚酰胺反渗透膜的制备方法。系统开展了聚酰胺反渗透复合膜微结构二次构建机理和方法、微结构对膜抗污染和耐氯功能的影响规律、微结构对膜分离性能的影响规律以及协同调控聚酰胺反渗透复合膜抗污染、耐氯及分离性能的机理等方面的研究工作。解释了聚酰胺反渗透膜微结构与抗污染和耐氯性能之间的关系，阐明了聚酰胺反渗透膜微结构二次构建对膜抗污染性能、耐氯功能及分离性能等的调控机制，建立了基于微结构二次构建的聚酰胺反渗透膜抗污染、耐氯及分离性能的协同调控方法，成功实现了聚酰胺反渗透膜的同步抗污染和耐氯改性，获得了分离性能优、抗污染性能好、耐氯功能强的聚酰胺反渗透复合膜，获得了易工业化的兼具抗污染和耐氯功能的聚酰胺反渗透膜的制备方法。.项目研究成果将为基于微结构二次构建调控聚酰胺反渗透复合膜功能提供理论指导、为反渗透膜领域提供兼具抗污染和耐氯功能的高性能反渗透膜材料、为解决反渗透膜应用过程中的污染和氯降解问题提供新思路和方法，对于推动我国反渗透膜科学技术的研究具有重要意义。项目执行过程中发表SCI收录论文9篇，授权发明专利1件，申请发明专利5件，培养硕士毕业研究生5人。