儿童区分真实和虚幻的神经机制：年龄特征和影响因素

Reality-Fantasy Distinction is an important task of children's cognitive development. The present research proposal selected children and adults and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to explore the development of the neural basis under reality-fantasy distinction, investigates the influence of the authenticity of characters and situations, self relevance and theory of mind. In the first study, we manipulate the authenticity of the manipulation of characters and situations to find the correlated brain area with reality-fantasy distinction. The second study aims to explore the developmental trend of brain mechanism found in Study 1. The third and fourth study focused on the effect of self relevance and theory of mind on children’s reality-fantasy distinction. This proposal helps to clarify the relationship between children’s reality-fantasy distinction and neural mechanisms, and its influencing factors, which will provide deep insight to understand children's cognitive development and education.

区分真实和虚幻是儿童认知发展的一项重要任务。本项目选取儿童和成人作为研究对象，采用近红外光学脑功能成像技术(functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, fNIRS）探究区分真实和虚幻发展的神经机制，考察人物和情境的真实性、人物的自我相关性及心理理论对真实和虚幻判断的影响。研究一通过操控人物和情境的真实性，考察成人区分真实和虚幻的神经机制及脑区激活。研究二探讨儿童区分真实和虚幻发展的神经机制，比较儿童和成人大脑激活模式的异同，从而揭示这种神经机制的发展特点。研究三和四选取人物的自我相关性和心理理论两个变量，探讨它们对儿童区分真实和虚幻发展神经机制的影响。本项目有助于阐明区分真实和虚幻发展的神经机制及其影响因素，揭示区分真实和虚幻的发展与大脑发育的关系，对于理解儿童认知发展的本质与幼儿教育具有重要的意义。

区分真实和虚幻是儿童认知发展的一项重要任务。本项目选取儿童和成人作为研究对象，采用近 红外光学脑功能成像技术(functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, fNIRS)探究区分真实和虚 幻发展的神经机制，考察人物和情境的真实性、人物的自我相关性及心理理论对真实和虚幻判断的影 响。研究一通过操控人物和情境的真实性，考察成人区分真实和虚幻的神经机制及脑区激活。研究二 探讨儿童区分真实和虚幻发展的神经机制，比较儿童和成人大脑激活模式的异同，从而揭示这种神经 机制的发展特点。研究三和四选取人物的自我相关性和心理理论两个变量，探讨它们对儿童区分真实 和虚幻发展神经机制的影响。本项目有助于阐明区分真实和虚幻发展的神经机制及其影响因素，揭示 区分真实和虚幻的发展与大脑发育的关系，对于理解儿童认知发展的本质与幼儿教育具有重要的意义。