基于千赫兹美特材料的无线电能传输系统关键技术研究

Recent years, metamaterials (MMs) and wireless power transfer (WPT) have attracted much attention and been investigated intensively in the ranges of science and technology. This project, regarding the non-radiative WPT technology and with the characteristics of KHz MMs, plan to research the key problems hindering the way for WPT to be applied more conveniently in our daily life, such as electromagnetic (EM) compatibility, manipulating the EM near-field distribution, dynamically controlling of the EM near-field distribution. In this project, in order to pave away the problem of short transfer distance, poor stability of the transferring efficient and small lateral tolerance, a solution is proposed by hiring graded-index metamaterials with great modulation power on EM near-field distribution. In order to solve the problem of complex structure and single function caused by the traditional WPT technology, a solution is proposed by hiring tunable metamaterials with great dynamically controlling power on EM near-field. In order to solve the problem of EM interference and pollution caused by EM leakage, a solution is proposed by anisotropic lossy zero-index metamaterials with great power on EM shield and EM compatibility. The research results of this project will be beneficial to optimizing the transfer distance and efficiency of WPT, improving the EM environment, enriching the method of EM manipulation and dynamically control technique, as well as the theoretical investigations that combine metamaterials and wireless energy transfer.

美特材料和无线电能传输都是电磁科学技术领域近几年来涌现出的研究热点。本课题拟以非辐射无线电能传输技术为基础，结合千赫兹美特材料的特性，围绕电磁兼容、电磁近场调控与动态控制等关键问题开展研究。其中，针对无线电能传输技术在实际应用中存在的传输距离短、传输效率稳定性差、横向偏移公差小的问题，提出一种利用折射率梯度变化的千赫兹美特材料实现电磁近场模式、分布形态的调控技术；针对传统无线电能传输系统存在的结构复杂、功能单一的问题，提出一种利用千赫兹可调美特材料实现电磁近场分布形态的动态控制技术；针对电能无线传输过程中电磁泄漏造成的电磁干扰与电磁污染严重的问题，提出一种通过各向异性损耗型零折射率美特材料实现电磁屏蔽与电磁兼容的技术。本课题的研究成果，不仅可以达到优化传输距离与效率、改善电磁环境、丰富电磁场调控手段与动态控制技术的目的，而且对美特材料在非辐射无线电能传输技术中的实际应用具有指导意义。

本项目聚焦美特材料在非辐射无线电能传输技术中的应用，通过发掘美特材料近场调控与动态控制方式，并且引入到无线电能传输系统中，解决当前非辐射无线电能传输系统存在的传输效率低、电磁兼容性差、电磁场调控手段匮乏以及动态控制策略不足等问题，取得如下研究成果：.(1)美特材料对无线传能磁场分布模式的调控。通过在无线电能传输系统中引入人工磁导体，能够实现对系统工作状态中磁场的分布模式产生调控效果，从而影响接收端处于不同位置时的耦合行为，显著提升系统的传输效率，减少电磁泄漏造成的电磁污染。.(2)美特材料对无线传能强耦合区域频率劈裂的调控。通过在无线电能传输系统中引入平面金属蘑菇状美特材料，能够解决在强耦合区域频率劈裂问题，当传输距离改变时不需要频繁调节本征频率就能达到最佳效率，增加系统对不同能量传输距离要求的适应度。.(3)美特材料对电磁场的调控。通过引入电单负-磁单负美特材料复合结构，可实现电场、磁场在空间上分离；通过引入具有高度色散特性的美特材料，可实现电磁场局域特性增强；通过引入具有手征特性的美特材料，还可实现电磁场的极化控制。.(4)有关可调美特材料的基础研究。通过在美特材料中引入变容二极管，能够实现美特材料等效电磁参数的动态灵活控制，且在结构一侧加入吸收材料，造成相同信号功率从两侧入射结构中场分布的不对称性，从而达到非对称调控美特材料的目的。.我们相信上述研究成果可为美特材料在非辐射无线能量传输技术的实际应用提供重要的理论和技术支持。