The theory of five tastes in traditional Chinese medicine holds that sweet taste corresponds to the spleen. The spleen strengthening method are widely used in the clinical treatment of diabetes, but its mechanism is unclear. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hot topic in the pathogenesis and drug of diabetes. Previous animal studies found that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) composed of sweet drug could increase the expression of GLP-1 in the intestinal L cells, stimulate the secretion of insulin and regulate the blood glucose through the gastrointestinal-islet axis. Modern research prove that sweet receptors promote the synthesis and secretion of GLP-1. Thus we put forward that APS may influence GLP-1 by adjusting the sweet taste receptor pathway to control blood glucose. Based on GK rat model, we want to observe sweet receptor family, (T1R2, T1R3), sweet receptors signaling molecules (Gαgust, PLCβ2, TRPM5), glucose transporters factor (SGLT1), neurotransmitters (5-HT), incretin hormone (GLP-1), intestinal L cells and the change of islet beta cells from organization, serum protein and gene four levels.Reveal the theoretical basis of APS to start the gastrointestinal islet axis, enrich the theoretical connotation of "sweet corresponds to the spleen, treating diabetes from the spleen", and provide basis of the new targetment of type 2 diabetes drug research.
中医甘味对应于脾,健脾益气药广泛应用于糖尿病临床治疗,但机制尚不明确。胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)是目前糖尿病发病机制及药物治疗的研究热点。我们前期动物研究发现:甘味中药黄芪主要成分黄芪多糖(APS)能通过胃肠胰岛轴,明显增加肠道L细胞GLP-1表达,刺激胰岛素分泌,调节血糖。有研究提示甜味受体促进GLP-1合成分泌。由此我们提出APS或许通过调节甜味受体信号通路影响GLP-1,控制血糖。本研究拟基于GK大鼠模型,从血清、组织、蛋白和基因四个水平,分别观察肠道甜味受体(T1R2, T1R3)、甜味受体信号分子(Gαgust, PLCβ2, TRPM5)、葡萄糖转运因子(SGLT1)、神经递质(5-HT)、肠促胰岛素(GLP-1)、肠道L细胞和胰岛β细胞的变化。揭示APS启动胃肠胰岛轴的理论依据,丰富中医“甜主脾,从脾论治糖尿病”理论内涵,为2型糖尿病药物研发新靶点提供可靠的实验依据。
甜味受体不但存在于口腔,更大量存在于肠道L细胞,参与肠促胰岛素样肽-1(GLP-1)的释放,调节胰岛素分泌,降低血糖。中医甘味对应于脾,健脾益气药(黄芪)广泛应用于糖尿病临床治疗,但机制尚不明确。本课题从体内和体外实验两方面,探索黄芪中主要成分黄芪多糖(APS)通过调控甜味受体(T1R2、T1R3),启动胃肠胰岛轴的理论依据。.以高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐霉素腹腔注射获得糖尿病模型大鼠,ELISA测定GLP-1、胰岛素、血糖,发现APS能升高OGTT后糖尿病大鼠血清GLP-1水平,增加早时相、第二时相胰岛素分泌,降低血糖,提示黄芪多糖能改善胰岛素抵抗,增加胰岛素敏感性,提高糖尿病大鼠糖耐量水平且与GLP-1升高有关。收集肠道组织采用免疫组化和RQT-PCR方法,发现APS干预后能明显减少糖尿病大鼠肠道甜味受体的下降,增加GLP-1表达。同时我们也观察到APS干预后能调节糖尿病大鼠肠道菌群结构,APS能部分恢复厚壁菌/拟杆菌比值、放线菌数量。.体外研究中,以NCI-H716细胞为观察对象,通过CCK-8实验,细胞转染等手段,发现lAPS能上调甜味受体下游信号通路Gαgust、PLCβ2、TRPM5、SGLT1表达,增加GLP-1水平。加入siT1R2和(或)siT1R3后,APS的这一作用消失或减弱。证明APS通过甜味受体信号通路调控GLP-1分泌,改善胰岛细胞功能的假说。丰富中医“甜主脾,从脾论治糖尿病”理论内涵,为2型糖尿病药物研发新靶点提供可靠的实验依据。.此外,我们也观察到APS对于糖尿病大鼠胸主动脉组织和外周炎症指标(VCAM-1、MCP-1、IL-6 、TNF-α)有改善作用,通过基因芯片测序手段也证实APS对人静脉血管内皮细胞干预后,基因富集于趋化因子信号通路、TNF信号通路、NF-κB信号通路等炎症通路。可以为APS在糖尿病血管病变的治疗提供新的研究思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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