中国光柄菇科分子系统学研究

Pluteoid fungi are phylogenetically distinctive and very important for understanding the phylogeny of fungi. After a long term of investigation and morphological taxonomic research by the applicant and his team, dozens of species were discovered to be new taxa to science and new records to China. At present, the existing taxonomy systems of Pluteaceae are mainly based on the study results with the materials from Europe and Americas but hardly with Chinese species, which are not completely suitable for the pluteoid taxa from China. The positions of some Chinese species are very ambiguous and vague in those systems, while some others are very distinct and likely to form new lineages in the existing systems. Therefore, molecular study on the phylogenetic system of the family should be carried out further and the systems should be improved to settle these problems. In this project, the phylogenetic relationships among the different taxa under the family will be studied based on ITS, nLSU, RPB2 and tef-1 sequence data combined with the morphologically taxonomic analyses. The existing intergeneric/infrageneric classification methods and definitions will be verified and revised, and a more suitable natural taxonomy system for the Chinese Pluteaceae taxa will be established. At the same time, a more comprehensive and natural taxonomy system for worldwide Pluteaceae taxa will be built up according to the analysis of the newly obtained molecular evidences combined with the known molecular data from Europe, Americas and other regions. The study results will have a great significance for comprehensively understanding the Chinese pluteoid resources and further refining the worldwide taxonomy system of the family.

光柄菇科是伞菌目粉色孢子类群中种类较多的一个科，在真菌系统学中具有重要地位。申请人等在前期研究中对该科进行了大量的调查与形态分类学研究，发现了一批特有种类和新记录。现有光柄菇科分类系统主要基于欧美材料，缺乏对我国种类分析，仍未完善；我国一些种类在现有系统中位置模糊，种间甚至不同属间有过渡类型，部分类群地位相当特别，系统学研究仍有待深入开展。本项目旨在经典分类学基础上，基于ITS, nLSU, RPB2和tef-1四个基因片段对我国光柄菇科分类系统进行分子研究，分析其属下系统发育关系，并进一步验证与修订其科下属级或属下单元划分，建立一个适合中国光柄菇科的分类系统；同时结合欧美等其他地区的材料与分子数据，构建一个更全面、科学、自然的全球光柄菇科分类系统。本研究将对全面认识我国光柄菇真菌和完善世界光柄菇分类系统具有重要意义。

光柄菇科是伞菌目粉色孢子类群中种类较多的一个科，在真菌系统学中具有重要地位。前期研究中对该科进行了大量的调查与形态分类学研究，发现了一批特有种类和新记录。现有光柄菇科分类系统主要基于欧美材料，缺乏对我国种类分析，仍未完善；我国一些种类在现有系统中位置模糊，种间甚至不同属间有过渡类型，部分类群地位相当特别，因此项目在经典分类学基础上，基于ITS和nLSU两个基因片段对我国光柄菇科分类系统进行分子研究，分析其光柄菇属、小包脚菇属及其属下系统发育关系，并进一步验证与修订其科下属级或属下单元划分，建立一个适合中国光柄菇科的分类系统；同时结合欧美等其他地区的材料与分子数据，构建一个更全面、科学、自然的全球光柄菇科分类系统。主要结果如下：.1）本项目针对我国的光柄菇科真菌进行了大量的资源调查与形态分类学研究，共获得300多份标本，鉴定并描述了83个种，其中包括7个新种、2个变种和11个新记录种。.2）获得了ITS和LSU两个系统发育常用的基因序列258条，基于这些片段重新构建了光柄菇科的系统发育树，证明了光柄菇科下的光柄菇属是一个单系的类群，通过系统学分析，以适中至较高的支持率将该属下3个组（P. sect. Pluteus, P. sect. Celluloderma 以及P. sect. Hispidoderma），明确了光柄菇属下多数种类的分类地位。对我国小包脚菇属已报道的 22 个分类单元（种、变种）进行了研究，合并了 7 个异名，排除了 2 个种在我国的分布。建立了较为系统的光柄菇分类系统。.3）本项目研究初步揭示了中国光柄菇科的物种多样性，对全面认识我国光柄菇真菌和完善世界光柄菇真菌分类系统具有重要意义。项目发表论文8篇，其中SCI论文8篇。