中华蜜蜂耐受狄斯瓦螨的互抗机制研究

The honey bees Apis mellifera and Apis cerana are important economic insects, not only for honey production, but also for crop pollination.Varroa destructor mite is currently the most serious threat to the world bee industry. Differences in mite tolerance are reported between two honey bee species A. mellifera and A. cerana. A. cerana has set of behavioural traits to resistant mites,as hygienic behavioural and grooming bahavioural. The most important mechenism is the mutual antogonism by which V. destructor kill the pupae of A. cerana but can not reproduce on the pupae, although it feeds on the hemolymph. This project aims at the mutual antogonism mechanism of V. destructor and A. cerana. First, the salivary secretions from V. destructor will be collected and the noxious protein will be identified, and the toxic modet of the noxious protein will be determined; Second, the key compounds and the genes involved in the synthesis from the hemolymph of A. cerana which inhibit the reproduction of V. destructor will be identified; Third, the relative genes of these active substance will be cloned and expressed,and their function will be explored. Based on the active substances,their function mechanism will be studied. The results of this project will demonstrate the chemistry and molecule mechanism of the mutual antogonism of V.detructor and A. cerana, and will raise new technology for vorroa bio-control.

蜜蜂是人类食物链上最重要的一环。然而，世界养蜂业受到狄斯瓦螨(简称瓦螨)的严重威胁。意大利蜜蜂对瓦螨非常敏感，而中华蜜蜂（简称中蜂）对瓦螨具有耐受性。除了中蜂的清洁与清理行为，中蜂和瓦螨的互抗关系（即瓦螨致死中蜂和中蜂导致瓦螨不育）在其耐受性方面发挥关键作用,但是,中蜂耐受瓦螨的互抗机制仍未明了。 本项目从瓦螨致死中蜂预蛹与瓦螨不育两个方面探讨中蜂耐受瓦螨之"互抗"关系的化学和分子机制。采用层析和质谱分析技术分离和鉴定瓦螨唾液中致死中蜂预蛹的毒性蛋白和中华蜜蜂预蛹血淋巴中导致狄斯瓦螨不育的物质，克隆并表达相关基因，验证其功能，明确"互抗"关系的物质基础及其作用方式，从而阐明中华蜜蜂耐受狄斯瓦螨的化学和分子机制，为研发蜜蜂螨害防治环保型新技术提供思路。

蜜蜂是人类食物链上最重要的一环。然而，世界养蜂业受到狄斯瓦螨(简称瓦螨)的严重威胁。意大利蜜蜂对瓦螨非常敏感，而中华蜜蜂（简称中蜂）对瓦螨具有耐受性。除了中蜂的清洁与清理行为，中蜂和瓦螨的互抗关系（即瓦螨致死中蜂和中蜂导致瓦螨不育）在其耐受性方面发挥关键作用,但是,中蜂耐受瓦螨的互抗机制仍未明了。本研究测定了狄斯瓦螨对中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂个体的危害，从狄斯瓦螨唾液中分离并鉴定了一个毒素蛋白，克隆表达了该毒素蛋白基因，并测定对中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的毒性，阐述其作用机理，丰富了中华蜜蜂抗螨理论，也为治螨提供新思路。. 本项目共发表SCI学术论文2篇，SCI投稿1篇，中文核心投稿1篇；参加国际学术会议2次，发表会议论文摘要 1 篇；申请国家发明专利3件，其中一件申请PCT国际专利。项目培养了副研究员1名，硕士研究生1名。.