基于遗产价值评估的我国近代都市住宅室内环境风貌演进的系统研究

A large number of modern residential architectural heritage were left through urbanization in Modern time, Lilong housing, collective apartment buildings as well as villa buildings, which in rich styles, scales, wide distribution and types, more than any other building types, became an important part of urban landscape and architectural heritage. However, these residential buildings in the current practice of urban renewal and heritage preservation have not been paid enough attention, the reason is the lack of systematic research on its issue in the academic circles , the value of residential interior environment is far from being excavated and determined. Being an important part of value of architectural heritage, the historical feature of interior environment is the key to the preservation of architectural heritage. According to the above phenomenon, this study is beginning with urban modernity, focuses on modern residential interior environment closely related to people's daily life , through analysis on five aspects of space form, the furniture of the Republic of China(Shanghai- style furniture), Art Deco style, building equipment as well as interior decoration. Combing with sample research and theories and methods of value evaluation of architectural heritage this study aims to clarify its orbit and characteristics of the style evolution of residential interior environment ,tries to establish value evaluation model towards interior features, providing reliable basis for urban renewal and preservation of architectural heritage.

近代城市化发展为我们留下了一大批近代居住建筑遗产，从里弄住宅、集合式公寓再到风格各异的别墅洋楼，其规模之大、分布之广、类型之多超越了同时期其他任何建筑类型，成为城市历史风貌和建筑遗产的重要组成部分。然而这些住宅建筑在当前城市更新和建筑遗产保护实践中尚未得到足够重视，屡屡遭到拆除或保护性破坏，其根本原因是学界对其缺乏系统研究，居住环境风貌的遗产价值远未得到挖掘和认定。作为建筑遗产价值构成的核心组成部分，室内历史风貌的保护是建筑遗产保护的关键。基于此，本课题从都市现代性入手，对与人们日常生活紧密相关的近代居住室内环境展开深入研究，通过空间形态、民国家具、装饰风格、建筑设备以及室内装潢等五个方面对近代居住室内环境风貌构成要素进行分项剖析，结合样本研究和建筑遗产价值评价等理论和方法，厘清其风貌演进的轨迹和特点，力求建立近代居住室内环境风貌的价值评估模式，从而为城市更新和建筑遗产保护提供可靠依据。

本研究按既有的研究计划和目标展开研究，从都市现代性入手，通过大量的历史文献查阅和对上海及武汉两地历史住区的深入实地调研，对近代都市住宅居住室内环境风貌要素包括空间形态、民国家具、装饰风格、建筑设备以及室内装修等五个方面进行了历史脉络梳理和变迁成因剖析，期间选取了邬达克设计的外国弄堂（花园别墅区）、岐山村（新式里弄住区）及若干具有Art Deco 风格的公寓住宅展开了样本研究。本研究的调研采访历时两年，重点对五批上海优秀历史建筑中的新式里弄住区38处42户住家建立了详细的居民口述史档案以及入户实例的信息登记，对家庭结构、生活形态及室内家具陈设等方面进行深入访谈和拍照记录，以求了解住户居住室内风貌变迁的各阶段趋势特征。在此基础上结合样本研究中的现状问题和既有政策，提出历史住宅遗产的价值评价分析和保护策略，为补充和完善城市更新下历史住区室内环境的保护机制和改造策略提供依据。