喀斯特石漠化地区毛葡萄水肥耦合效应及高效利用机制

According to the recent hot topics of the world karst rocky desertification,High efficient utilization and coupling effects of water-fertilizer were stuided on native ecological and economic plant species Vitis quinquangularis Rehd. in Guangxi. "Yeniang No.2" is a selected variety of wild Vitis quinquangularis Rehd with rare and bisexual flower from the rocky desertification habitat, which has been also proved a high benefit economic crop for karst rocky desertification control and ecological restoration. Previous studies showed yield and quality can be obtained through agronomic measures such as reasonable fertilization. While few study was made for the mechanism of water-fertilizier interaction relationship on the yield and quality, ecological adaptability of wild plants under the artificial domestication. According to this, the present study combined laboratory and field trials to reveal the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on ecological adaptation, yield and quality of wild plants in rocky desertification under human intervention and to clarify the efficient use of water and fertilizer coupling mechanism, which would provide theoretical basis for rocky ecological restoration and accelerate the artificial domestication and cultivation of wild resources and mountainous agricultural services.

基于全球喀斯特石漠化治理的热点问题，选择生态、经济效益兼备的广西乡土种植物--毛葡萄开展石漠化水肥耦合效应和高效利用研究。"野酿2号"是项目组前期从石漠化生境下资源中选育的毛葡萄珍稀两性花野生树种，确定该品种为喀斯特石漠化治理和生态恢复的高效益优良林果型经济作物，前期研究表明：通过合理施肥等农艺措施可取得一定产量和质量，但很少有涉及石漠化水肥互作对产量、品质及抗旱生态适应性影响的研究。在此基础上，本项目进一步以毛葡萄为研究对象，通过石漠化模拟盆栽实验、田间试验以及计算机模拟计算相结合的方式开展研究，旨在揭示人工干预条件下野生毛葡萄的石漠化水肥耦合效应及其抗旱生态适应性、产量和品质响应机理，阐明水肥互作机理及水肥高效利用机制，为石漠化土地资源利用和生态修复，加快野生毛葡萄资源人工驯化栽培利用和山区农业服务提供理论依据。

基于全球喀斯特石漠化治理的热点问题，本项目选择生态、经济效益兼备的广西乡土种植物——毛葡萄开展石漠化水肥耦合效应和高效利用研究。“野酿2 号”是项目组前期从石漠化生境下资源中选育的毛葡萄珍稀两性花野生树种，为喀斯特石漠化治理和生态恢复的高效益优良林果型经济作物。本项目以“野酿2 号”毛葡萄为研究对象，通过石漠化模拟盆栽实验、田间试验以及计算机模拟计算相结合的方式开展研究，旨在揭示人工干预条件下野生毛葡萄的生长状况以及产量、品质等对水肥耦合效应的响应机制，为石漠化土地资源利用和生态修复，加快野生毛葡萄资源人工驯化栽培利用和山区农业服务提供理论依据。结果显示水分因素为影响毛葡萄主蔓生长的一个重要因素，在苗期对主蔓长度，主蔓鲜重、主蔓干重、褐变高度以及水势具有显著的影响。N和水在苗期对叶和根的生长具有显著作用，主要影响叶片N、叶片鲜重、叶片干重、叶柄鲜重、叶柄干重、根长度、长根数量、根鲜重以及根干重。P和K 的交互作用为一个重要的影响因素，对盆栽和田间的毛葡萄产量具有重要的影响。糖酸比为评判果实品质的一个重要指标，研究发现无因素对果实的糖酸比具有显著影响。在Design-expert软件中给与各时期的测量指标相同的权重，结果表明盆栽苗期当10N（尿素）=13.12g，4.4P（P2O5）=33.63g，8.3K（K2O）=9.66g，水=360.41mm时，各指标呈现最优值；盆栽初果期当10N（尿素）=34.57g，4.4P（P2O5）=191.13g，8.3K（K2O）=72.11g，水=400.36mm时，各指标呈现最优值；田间果期当10N（尿素）=114.21g，4.4P（P2O5）=769.96g，8.3K（K2O）=286.46g，水=31.83kg时，各指标呈现最优值。