喀斯特石漠化治理生态效应遥感甄别与评价

The ecological reconstruction and the damage to karst rocky desertification exist at the same time in karst regions, Southwest China. There was still lag behind the monitoring and assessment of the effects of ecological reconstruction.Karst rocky desertification and ecological restoration is a long-time ecological processess. However, recent studies mainly focused on the state change of different points or several points during the implement of ecological engineering for ecological reconstruction monitoring and assessment. These deficiencies, including the lack of a scienctifically robust and consistent baseline and not consideration of the processes and driving forces of karst rocky desertification, were highlighted as constraint in identifying the development and trend of karst rocky desertification. Based on the relationships between state, processes, and driving forces of karst rocky desertification, firstly,we use the long time-series remote sensing images of dynamic vegetation information and ecological models to simulate the potential vegetation distribution as a baseline.Then we assess the degradation conditions and the possibility of restoration of karst rocky desertification with the consideration of the main limited factors for vegetation growth and extent of human disturbances within different karst landforms. Additionally, based on a baseline, we develop a new residual trend analysis method for distinguishing the effects of human-induced degradation or restoration from the mutual effects of climate change and human activities. At last, with the combination of the state change and the trend of evolution processes of karst ecosystem, we proposed remote sensing method for identifying and assessing the effects of ecological reconstruction in karst rocky desertification regions. This method could distinguish the differences of ecological restoration between natural restoration and human ecological reconstruction. Our study could provide scientific foundation for making decisions on ecological engineering and ecological restoration in karst rocky desertification regions.

喀斯特石漠化治理与破坏并存，治理生态效应怎样缺乏有效的评价方法。石漠化退化与生态恢复是一种长期的生态过程，目前生态效应评价往往将不同节点或若干节点的生态系统的"状态"变化作为恢复与否的判断依据，缺乏生态基准，没充分考虑石漠化过程及其驱动因素。本项目基于石漠化状态-过程-驱动因素的响应关系，主要采用高时间分辨率遥感影像的植被动态变化信息，通过遥感与生态过程模型模拟构建潜在植被作为参照基准，并结合不同喀斯特类型区植被生长的主要限制环境因子及人类活动干扰程度，揭示不同喀斯特地貌类型区的退化程度及其可恢复性；发展基于生态基准的残差趋势分析方法，揭示人为干扰对石漠化退化与生态恢复的影响；集成生态系统的状态变化及演变过程的趋势分析，构建石漠化治理生态效应遥感甄别方法，揭示自然恢复条件下与生态建设条件下生态恢复效果差异。本项目的实施可为石漠化地区生态建设工程决策与生态恢复提供科学依据。

我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化治理与破坏并存，治理效应怎样缺乏有效的评价方法。本项目基于我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化状态-过程-驱动因素的响应关系，利用高时间分辨率光学与微波遥感数据，结合生态系统模型，阐明了典型喀斯特地区潜在植被空间及其可恢复性；基于植被恢复突变识别与检验，发展并改进了残差趋势分析方法，提出了基于植被恢复趋势差异的生态工程成效评价指数，揭示了气候变化和人类活动（土地过度利用、生态保护与建设）对喀斯特地区石漠化退化与生态恢复的相对影响；集成长时间序列光学遥感影像、微波遥感影像、生态系统模型、气候变化及生态工程投入与治理地面核查等数据，发展了大区域尺度生态工程成效识别与厘定方法，阐明了西南喀斯特地区植被恢复演变特征与生态工程的实施具有较好的一致性，生态工程的实施降低了石漠化土地退化的风险，显著提高了区域尺度植被碳固定，揭示了喀斯特地区生态恢复与生态工程、气候变化及人类活动等的关联机制；开展了石漠化治理生态效应评估，揭示了石漠化综合治理的生态效应，阐明了不同喀斯特地貌类型区生态恢复成效区域差异。.项目相关研究结果被国家第三次石漠化状况公报采用(近期发布)，为国家重大生态工程效益评价提供了科学依据。.发表高质量论文6篇，其中Nature子刊1篇，一区、二区SCI论文4篇。本项目资助完成的我国西南喀斯特区域生态恢复成效评估研究结果以“Increased vegetation growth and carbon stock in China karst via ecological engineering”为题发表在Nature Sustainability（2018, 1: 44-50），且被选为封面文章，并被Nature刊发专文详细评述（“Satellite images show China going green”, Nature, 2018, 553: 411-413）。获得中科院科技促进发展奖一等奖（2015，省部级）。.培养青年科技骨干4名（1名由副研究员晋升为研究员、2名由助理研究员晋升为副研究员、1名获得欧盟“玛丽·居里学者计划”项目赴丹麦哥本哈根大学从事博士后研究），毕业博士生1名、硕士生2名。