运输服务联合采购问题的研究

Nowadays, transportation service procurement problem is concerned by more and more shippers. A scientific procurement solution can not only save transportation costs but also make shippers more competitive. Through case study, we find shippers can collaborated in transportation service procurement by aggregating their shipping demands. The freight volume after aggregation becomes more attractive to carriers who are then willing to provide lower transportation rates. This project is to study transportation service procurement problem considering shipper collaboration, where the hard decision-making problem is to select a set of winner carriers and allocate freight volume to them. The research project consists of five key parts: (1) transportation service procurement problem with shipper collaboration and minimum quantity commitments; (2) transportation service procurement problem with shipper collaboration and business side constraints; (3) shipper collaboration in transportation service procurement problem with piecewise linear cost function; (4) shipper collaboration in transportation service procurement problem with transit time; (5) shipper collaboration in transportation service procurement problem with combinatorial auctions. In the research plan, we first derive mathematical formulations for the problems, study the natural structures of the models, and then develop dedicated exact algorithms and heuristics. The solution methods will be tested by extensive computational experiments on a set of data generated from practical applications. The exciting results expected will be used to develop sophisticated systems to provide effective solutions for companies in our country to execute transportation service procurement.

近年来，运输服务采购问题收到越来越多企业的关注，科学的运输服务采购方案不仅能够直接为企业节约运输费用，也能提升企业的核心竞争力。通过初期调研发现，多个企业可以联合起来进行运输服务采购，这些企业通过整合货运量，提高议价能力，达到进一步降低运输费用的目的。本项目拟研究运输服务联合采购的问题，该问题的难点是采购拍卖中如何选择运输服务商作为承运人和分配货运量。具体研究将从运输服务采购的五个关键点展开：最小货运量承诺，不同商业约束条件，分段线性费用函数，运输时间和组合拍卖。依据研究计划，我们将首先对问题建立数学模型，对问题结构进行分析，然后设计精确算法和启发式算法。基于来自实际企业的运输服务采购数据，我们将通过大量的科学实验来验证算法的有效性。本项目的研究成果将结合实际情况进行应用推广，为我国众多企业在采购运输服务方面提供切实可行的、有效的解决方案。

基于企业在运输服务采购中考虑的不同决策场景，本项目重点对以下问题展开了研究：考虑不同商业约束下的运输服务采购问题，考虑多样化不同费用函数的运输服务采购问题，考虑运输服务时间的双目标优化运输服务采购问题，其他物流和组合优化问题。本项目从数学模型、组合优化、运筹优化算法的角度入手，对各个问题提出了整数规划模型，设计了快速的启发式算法和有效的精确算法，比如基于列生成的分支定价算法、双目标进化算法、双目标分支定界算法等，大大改善了问题求解的效率，为运输服务采购提供了有力的决策支持工具。同时分析了运输服务采购决策的影响因素，形成了有益的决策建议。项目执行期间，在国际知名期刊上发表了10篇论文。