自适应织构化柔性生物对抗膜的海洋装备污着防护及其减阻机理研究

Marine equipment plays an important role in marine economic construction and the national ocean defense. However, the biofouling is still the main concern that restricts the performance of marine equipment. The integration of surface structure and function is the promising way of the development of marine equipment in future, which is to achieve the excellent performance of antifouling and drag reducing. Polyurethane is selected as the flexible base material in the project, due to its controlled mechanical properties and molding performance. The bacterial and its metabolite without sacrificing the bio-activity are introduced on the flexible material using grafting method. The antifouling performance is achieved. Dopamine is used to stick the polyurethane to the surface of marine equipment which can provide a strong adhesion even in severe condition. Inspired by species of dolphin and shark, surface texture is introduced on the polyurethane. The antifouling and drag reducing are investigated under different texture parameter. The aim is to reduce the energy consumption of underwater equipment. By modelling the relationship between the deformation and mechanical response of flexible polyurethane, the mechanism of self-adjustment of flexible polyurethane with surface texture under the service condition is revealed by conducting this project. Therefore, the key technologies support a solution to extend the service life of marine equipment.

海洋装备在海洋经济建设和海洋国防中发挥着重要作用，浸水表面污着生物的附着依然当前面临的严峻考验。研究表面结构与功能的统一性，实现表面高效的污着防护与减阻是海洋装备未来发展的必由之路。本项目选取性能可调、成型效果较好的聚氨酯作为柔性基材，将抗生物附着的细菌及其天然代谢物镶嵌、接枝到海洋装备表面，实现驱避和对抗污着生物附着的功能。并且采用多巴胺作为粘接剂，赋予柔性材料与基底高的结合强度与复杂服役条件下高的可靠性。基于海豚、鲨鱼柔性皮肤快速游动的减阻原理，在聚氨酯柔性表面引入织构减阻，考察柔性表面及织构化参数在服役条件下对减阻行为及防污着生物附着的双重调控，实现海洋装备在服役工况下的节能降耗。本项目旨在揭示织构化柔性材料在服役工况下的自适应机理，建立织构化表面柔性材料的变形与服役条件的力学响应模型，为海洋装备的长效服役提供技术储备，获得有学术意义和工程实用价值的成果。

海洋装备在海洋经济建设和海洋国防中发挥着重要作用，浸水表面污着生物的附着依然当前面临的严峻考验。研究表面结构与功能的统一性，实现表面高效的污着防护与减阻是海洋装备未来发展的必由之路。本项目从研究典型减阻生物模型鲨鱼和荷叶的非光滑表面形貌特征入手，选取性能可调、成型效果较好的聚氨酯作为柔性基材，将抗生物附着镶嵌、接枝到材料表面，实现驱避和对抗污着生物附着的功能。基于鲨鱼皮肤快速游动的减阻原理，在聚氨酯柔性表面引入织构减阻，考察柔性表面及织构化参数在服役条件下对减阻行为及防污着生物附着的双重调控，实现海洋装备在服役工况下的节能降耗。结果表明通过真空铸造复型方法得到了高精度的仿生样品，相比于生物鲨鱼皮，样品的复型精度约98%，复合修饰类荷叶乳突结构后，在合适的修饰浓度下其减阻率达到了37%。在动态评估条件下，多级结构增效了表面的防污效果。本项目旨在揭示织构化柔性材料在服役工况下的自适应机理，为海洋装备的长效服役提供技术储备。实施过程开发了一种大面积制备仿生表面的方法，为海洋装备减阻与防污提供理论与技术基础。在项目的资助下，共发表学术论文9篇，申请发明专利2项，获得陕西省高等学校科学技术奖一等奖2项，完成了项目任务书的论文、专利等目标。