煤与瓦斯突出矿井鉴定的新指标体系研究

China’s currently used single parameter method for the outburst risk identification of coal bed or coal mine is not yet perfect, sometimes discrepancy between identification result and real situation may occurs, and this may bring big security problems to coal mine. The complicated mechanics of coal and gas outburst will be first analyzed by using dimensional analysis method in this project, and a set of dimensionless parameters which controls outburst initiation will be obtained. Then, based on various common outburst prediction indices, a set of composite indices will be built, these composite indices constitute the new identification index system of outburst mine; they have similar physical significance with the dimensionless parameters respectively, and are easy to be measured. Finally, field investigations and laboratory experiments will be perform to verify the applicability of the new index system and to obtain the thresholds of each index. The newly acquired index system will be able to reflect all main control factors of outburst, especially can reflect the stress and geologic anomaly factor, the dimensionless characteristic of each index guarantees the broad applicability to most mining conditions, and thus it will be more accurate than the currently used single parameter method.

我国当前使用的鉴定煤层和矿井煤与瓦斯突出危险性的单项指标法尚不完善，有时会出现判定结果与实际不一致的情况，这给煤矿带来极大的安全隐患。本项目首先利用量纲分析的方法，从复杂的突出机理理论中得出一组对突出激发起主要控制作用的无量纲参数。然后基于各种常用的突出预测指标，构建一系列综合指标，这些指标的物理意义和各无量纲控制参数对应相近，且易于测量获得，以此作为新的突出矿井鉴定指标体系。最后通过现场试验和实验室实验，对新的突出矿井鉴定指标体系的适用性进行验证，并初步确定各指标的临界值。所得出的新指标体系将能反映控制突出的主要因素间的耦合作用，考虑了地应力和地质异常对突出危险性的影响作用，指标的无量纲特性保证了其对多数开采条件具有广泛的适用性，因而相比现用的单项指标法具有更高的鉴定准确率。

项目主要针对我国当前使用的煤层或矿井煤与瓦斯突出危险性鉴定单项指标法存在的鉴定结果与实际不符的问题，研究提出新的指标体系，并确定各指标的测试方法。首先利用量纲分析的方法，基于复杂的突出机理理论得出15个突出影响因素的无量纲数，并筛选得出其中3个无量纲数对突出能否发生起着关键的控制作用。然后对照3个无量纲数，构建了一个新的突出鉴定指标体系，该指标体系包含4个指标，分别是煤的破坏类型、含高压瓦斯煤的爆碎指数、瓦斯压力和相对应力水平，确定了根据新指标体系判断突出危险性的方法。最后，分别设计了新指标体系中各指标的测试方法，包括开发了煤的爆碎性指数的测试装置，并进行了相应的测试实验，还提出了一系列新的煤层瓦斯压力快速测量方法。项目研究所得的新突出鉴定指标体系理论依据充分，测试方法可行，在将来经过足够多的实际验证后，有望取代现行的指标体系。