深部矿井煤与瓦斯突出发生条件量化关系试验研究

With the increasing of mining depth, the reasons of causing coal and gas outburst accident is further complex. Aimed to the problem of unclear understanding outburst mechanism occurred in deep coal mines, the project carries out test study on the quantitative relationship of coal and gas outburst’s outburst conditions in deep coal mine. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of coal and gas outburst simulation tests, but there are more qualitative results, quantitative research results of the outburst mechanism are less because of the low similarity which are caused by the shortages of similar material and device. Based on physical and mechanical properties of the outburst coal seam, this project carries out the study on similar material which has the similarity in physical, mechanical, adsorption and desorption properties with outburst coal. And using the gas outburst simulation test equipment which has such characteristics as big load (simulation mining depth 800m), high stiffness, large size similar model (length 1.5m, wide 0.8m, height 0.8m) carry on the coal and gas outburst similar simulation test. In the outburst process, monitor the changes of the gas flow field and gas pressure, the changes of the stress and temperature of coal and so on. Finally, research the coupling relationship between the main control factors in coal and gas outburst process, establish the quantitative relationship model of the outburst occurrence condition. The study provide theory basis for enhance the prevention and control technology level, even reduce coal and gas outburst accidents.

随着开采深度的增加，煤与瓦斯突出事故的致灾因素更为复杂，针对深部矿井突出机理认识不清的问题，项目开展深部矿井煤与瓦斯突出发生条件量化关系试验研究。国内外学者开展了大量的煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验，但由于受相似材料及试验设备限制，试验相似度较低，导致研究结果定性较多、定量化研究结论较少。本项目根据突出煤层的物理力学性质系统性地研制兼顾物理、力学及吸附解吸性能与突出煤相似的材料，并利用加载能力大（模拟开采深度800m）、刚度高、模型尺寸大（长1.5m、宽0.8m、高0.8m）的大型煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟试验装置，开展高应力、大尺寸相似模型的煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟试验，监测突出过程瓦斯流场与压力变化、煤岩体应力与温度等参数变化，研究煤与瓦斯突出过程主控因素的耦合作用关系，构建突出发生条件的量化关系模型，为提升煤与瓦斯突出防治技术水平、减少煤与瓦斯突出事故提供理论基础。

我国煤炭开采已转向深部高应力、高瓦斯含量、高地温区域，深部煤炭资源开采已逐渐成为新常态。深部矿井的复杂开采条件导致瓦斯灾害日趋严重，尤其是煤与瓦斯突出呈现出能量高、强度大、耦合伴生等新的特点。煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟是研究突出机理与防控技术的重要方法，在实验室借助大型突出模拟装置开展高相似度工程模拟实验是研究的有效途径。本项目采用调查分析、理论研究、实验分析、数值模拟等方法，重点对相似材料配制工艺、煤与瓦斯突出相似物理模拟实验、煤与瓦斯突出发生条件量化关系等三项核心内容进行了重点攻关，取得了以下主要成果：.（1）选择碎煤、水泥、活性炭、沙子和水作为相似材料的原料，采用均匀设计实验方法，研究了相似材料单轴抗压强度、坚固性系数、弹性模量、密度等物理力学性质与原材料比例间的量化关系，并通过相似材料吸附解吸、渗透性等测试，得到了相似材料配比方法与模型制作工艺，保证了突出相似模拟材料性质的高相似性。.（2）开展了2次大型煤与瓦斯突出物理相似模拟实验，得到了突出全过程中煤体内应力、瓦斯压力、温度等多物理场时空演变规律，捕获了突出过程煤粉抛出图像信息及突出后煤粉分布特征，监测了巷道气体浓度的变化，获得了相似度、准确度高及全面的突出参数。.（3）建立了固-气耦合的数值模型，采用RFPA2D Gas-Flow、Fluent模拟软件研究了突出孕育、发生发展、停止的过程及其耦合作用机制，以及煤与瓦斯流在巷道内的运动规律，得到了突出参数的时、空演化规律。构建了煤与瓦斯突出发生的能量量化分析模型，并基于突出模拟实验结果，分析了突出前后能量积聚与耗散规律，获得了煤与瓦斯突出发生条件的量化关系。