大城市近郊区县农村土地“三权分置”的产业空间响应 ——以武汉市为例

Suburban areas provide abundant agricultural products and agricultural tourism services for big cities. However, widespread suburban rural hollowing and fragmentation of the industrial space have affected the rural functions and urban-rural integration in suburban areas. The "Three rights division" system will vigorously release the vitality of the suburban industry under the market demand and activate the value of rural land, and promote the development of the integration of rural one, two and three industries. Through the research on the coupling of the "homestead" and "contracted land" resource allocation of rural households in the suburbs of large cities and the rural "industry-space", and based on the space demand of rural industry, the type characteristics of rural industrial space are explored, and a typical township (town) domain industrial spatial organization model is extracted, which is the concrete response of the rural industrial space to the "Three rights division" system. This project is based on the empirical study of the near suburban townships (towns) of Wuhan City, supplemented by other typical cases，andfocus on the following：1）The effect of "Three rights division" on the rural industrial space in the suburban county of big cities.2)Rural industry characteristics and space demands of suburban county in big cities.3) Industrial spatial organization model of the suburban rural (town) areas in big cities. The project tries to use the activation of rural land resources as an entry point to explore the organizational patterns and planning methods of rural industrial space in suburban areas of large cities, and to guide the construction of rural space in the suburban areas.

近郊区为大城市提供丰富的农产品供给和农旅配套服务，而普遍存在的近郊区农村空心化和产业空间碎化现象，影响了近郊区乡村功能和城乡一体化发展。“三权分置”制度将大力释放市场需求下的近郊区产业活力并激活农村土地价值，推进乡村一二三产融合发展。通过对大城市近郊区农户“宅基地”与“承包地”资源配置和乡村“产业-空间”耦合关系研究，并基于乡村产业的空间需求，探讨乡村产业空间的类型特征，并提炼出典型的乡（镇）域产业空间组织模式，是乡村产业空间对“三权分置”制度作出的具体响应。本课题以武汉市近郊区乡（镇）为实证研究对象，辅之其它典型案例，重点研究：1）“三权分置”对大城市近郊区县乡村产业空间的激活效应；2）大城市近郊区县乡村产业特征及其空间需求；3）大城市近郊区乡（镇）域产业空间组织模式。课题试图以农村土地资源的激活为切入点，探索大城市近郊区乡村产业空间的组织模式和规划方法，指导近郊区乡村空间建设。

“三权分置”制度改革大力释放了市场需求下的大城市近郊区产业活力并激活农村土地价值，推进乡村一二三产融合发展。本课题以湖北省武汉市黄陂区、江夏区，天门市、赤壁市枝江市等地区为实证研究对象，辅之其它典型案例，以农村土地资源的激活为切入点，探索大城市近郊区乡村产业空间的组织模式和规划方法，指导近郊区乡村空间建设。具体的，分别从农户“宅基地”与“承包地”资源配置的微观效应和乡村“产业-空间”耦合关系发展的宏观效应，两个方面研究“三权分置”制度改革对乡村产业空间发展的激活效应。同时发现，发挥镇村级政府在农村土地资源配置过程中的引导与调控职能，可提高农户个体的议价能力，保障农户收益并发挥集体效益，由此可以“村组”为基本单位，统筹其内部农户的“宅-地”资源，整体参与乡村产业发展。.依托大城市近郊区产业空间现状特征为基础，本课题总结了不同自然资源类型和周边产业环境对乡村产业类型及产业空间的叠加影响，归纳和提炼出近郊区“传统与规模农业单元”，“设施农业单元”，“农产品加工单元”，“农旅产业单元”，“服务配套单元”和其他类型的产业空间单元，并研究内部的组织要素、空间结构、用地规模和基本空间形态。农户“宅-地”权益的个人化与乡村产业对自然资源的依附化共同构成了乡村产业空间研究的逻辑起点，基于此，课题构建了“农户—村组—产业空间单元—乡（镇）域产业空间结构”的乡（镇）域产业空间组织逻辑，提炼出“职能综合型、农旅统筹型、协作分工型”三种乡（镇）域产业空间组织模式，并结合试点区域实践案例，具体研究其内部功能结构、用地结构、空间结构、三生空间关系等内容，并揭示乡（镇）域内产业空间单元之间的作用机制和产业空间结构特征，及产业空间与人居空间、生态空间的结构耦合和功能耦合关系，以此指导乡村土地资源优化配置并推进大城市近郊区乡村功能完善。