大城市“次区域生活圈”建构标准及空间组织优化策略研究——以武汉市为例

With an increasing trend of regionalization, polycentricity, and spatial expansion in Chinese contemporary big cities, urban functional activities appear to be geographical decentralized outwards and sub-structural decomposed internally. Thus, “sub-region life circle” turns to be an effective method on rational organization of urban function and spatial structure. This project takes Wuhan city as an example and uses several methods including questionnaire survey, big data collection, spatial analysis based on GIS, and logistic regression. The contents of the study are detailed as follows. Firstly, the geographical sphere, functional and spatial characteristic for “sub-region life circle” are analyzed. Secondly, the factors and formation mechanism for “Sub-region life circle” are explored. Thirdly, the construction standards for “sub-region life circle” are established. Finally, the spatial organization optimization strategies for “sub-region life circle” are built.. The project makes a transform on urban spatial layout thought from the current industrialization and sectorization oriented to residents' activity demands oriented. On the basis of it, the research puts forward a set of construction standards and spatial organization optimization strategies for “sub-region life circle” in which residents' high-probability daily activities occur. This study aims to extend the layout dimensions and mode of sub-region in big cities, and to innovate the construction standard and spatial organization of “sub-region life circle”. It attempts to not only promote the development of urban spatial structure theory, but also provide a theoretical foundation for both sub-region's spatial organization itself and the spatial structure optimization of a whole city.

当代大城市区域化和多中心化态势显著，地域尺度范围渐进扩大，城市功能活动迈向整体地域分散和内部次结构分解，“次区域生活圈”成为合理组织城市功能空间结构的有效手段。以武汉市为例，采用问卷调查、网络大数据采集、GIS空间分析、数理统计及逻辑回归方法研究下列内容：①大城市“次区域生活圈”地域范围及功能空间特征；②大城市“次区域生活圈”形成的影响因素与机制；③大城市“次区域生活圈”建构标准；④大城市“次区域生活圈”空间组织优化策略。. 课题拟将城市空间布局思维从工业城市及功能分区导向转变为居民活动需求导向，根据居民大概率、经常性日常活动所在的“次区域生活圈”的特征及形成机制，提出一套“次区域生活圈”建构标准及空间组织优化策略，旨在拓展大城市“次区域”空间布局维度，创新“次区域生活圈”建构标准与空间组织，推动发展城市地域空间结构理论，为城市次区域空间组织及整体空间结构优化提供理论基础。

近20年来，中国城乡发展的最突出特征之一就是（超、特）大城市的人口集聚和快速区域化。未来10~15年间，在由增量扩展型规划向存量优化型规划转型的趋势下，（超、特）大城市将极有可能面临若干项挑战：如“Cities in City”态势强化、城市多中心功能疏解、主城“综合组团”和“分区”解体重组、外围松散簇群的优化重构等，特别需要“次区域”尺度上的策略指导。课题分别研究了大城市“次区域生活圈”地域范围及功能空间特征、大城市“次区域生活圈”形成的影响因素、大城市“次区域生活圈”建构标准、大城市“次区域生活圈”空间组织路径。课题将城市空间布局思维从传统工业城市功能分区导向转变为居民活动需求导向，根据当代城市居民大概率、经常性日常活动所在的“次区域生活圈”特征及形成机制，提出了一套“次区域生活圈”建构标准及空间组织优化策略。研究过程中，采用了基于问卷调查的城市居民日常活动行为数据，采用了基于海量数据挖掘的城市设施点数据、城市交通线网数据等。课题拓展了当代大城市“次区域”空间布局维度，拓展了“城乡生活圈”理论体系，推动发展了城市地域空间结构理论，将极有可能为大城市次区域空间组织和城市整体空间结构优化工作提供一种有效的实践依据。