不同结构因素无溶剂碳纳米管纳米流体的设计及其对CO2吸附机理研究

Man-made emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere have resulted in greenhouse effect and serious environmental impact. It is essential to develope the efficient CO2 capture materials. The amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs) show CO2 capture ability, but it is limited by the aggregation of MWNTs.Solvent-free nanofluids have been proposed as one of the promising candidates for CO2 capture materials since it can disperse the MWNTs, but its CO2 capture mechanisms are not clear. Solvent-free nanofluids, which consist of polyetheramine chains as canopy, as well as corona together grafted onto carbon nanotubes, exhibit great capture capacity because of chemical and physical absorption. This project will select multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) solvent-free nanofluids with amine chains canopy as the research objects. We will synthesize solvent-free nanofluids with different structures. The effect of MWNTs length and surface property on the CO2 capture capacity will be determined. We will adjust the structure, grafted density and length of amine chains canopy. On the basis of the studies, the relationship of solvent-free nanofluids structure and CO2 capture property will be examined and CO2 capture mechanism elucidated quantitatively. The results of this project will provide an in-depth insight into the CO2 capture mechanism and be helpful for searching new capture materials.

由于CO2排放所带来的温室效应和环境问题，迫切需要研制高性能新型的CO2吸附材料。以往常用胺基改性的碳纳米管由于碳纳米管易于团聚而限制了其CO2吸附性。无溶剂纳米流体可以很好地解决纳米粒子的团聚问题，因此，有可能具有优异的CO2吸附能力。不同结构的无溶剂纳米流体的CO2吸附能力不同，但吸附的机理还不清楚，亟待澄清和解决。本项目以具有物理吸附的碳纳米管作为核，以具有化学吸附能力的胺基低聚物作为冠状层，制备成具有不同结构因素的无溶剂纳米流体，对其结构进行表征，研究具有不同长度和表面性质、不同接枝密度、不同链长和结构胺基冠状层的无溶剂碳纳米管纳米流体对吸附性能的影响，澄清与其对应的三种结构因素与CO2吸附能力的关系，阐明无溶剂纳米流体结构对CO2吸附性能的影响规律，揭示CO2吸附机理，优化CO2吸附性能，为设计合成新型高性能CO2吸附材料奠定理论基础。

由于CO2排放所带来的温室效应和环境问题，迫切需要研制高性能新型的CO2吸附材料。以往常用胺基改性的碳纳米管由于碳纳米管易于团聚而限制了其CO2吸附性。无溶剂纳米流体可以很好地解决纳米粒子的团聚问题，通过冠状层接枝胺基官能团，可同时结合化学吸附与物理吸附，可望得到性能优异的吸附材料。不同结构的无溶剂纳米流体的CO2吸附能力不同，但吸附的机理还不清楚，亟待澄清和解决。本项目以具有物理吸附的碳纳米管作为核，以具有化学吸附能力的胺基低聚物作为冠状层，通过改变SiO2核的结构、尺寸、含量，POSS的接枝密度、碳纳米管的酸化时间、颈状层和冠状层的分子量长度和支化度，制备成具有不同结构因素的23种无溶剂纳米流体。对所合成的无溶剂纳米流体的结构和CO2吸附性能进行表征和测试。无溶剂纳米流体的吸附主要来自于冠状层的胺基的化学吸附能力，胺基含量越多，吸附性能越强，流体粘度越小，吸附性能越高，共价型纳米流体的吸附性能优于离子型，无溶剂纳米流体外层的接枝链间隙有利于CO2吸附。冠状层分子结构相同时，链越长，无溶剂MWNTs纳米流体的对CO2的吸附容量越大。共发表文章30篇，其中SCI收录27篇，培养博士2名，硕士生5名。该研究成果为高性能CO2吸附材料奠定了理论与实验基础，所合成的无溶剂纳米流体在改性聚合物方面具有广泛的应用前景。