个体和班组的诊断任务绩效影响因素研究

Diagnosis errors by operators in complex industrial systems could have critical influence on accident mitigation and consequence control. However, there is very limited research on human diagnosis performance yet, thus human diagnosis reliability analysis are often crude. Digitalization has become a trend for complex industrial systems. Few research on diagnosis considers the working environment with digital technology. This proposal is aimed at systematically studying the influence of factors related to information, interface, task, individual personnel, and team on human performance of knowledge-based diagnosis tasks and their interactions, under simulated complex accident scenarios in a digital main control room of a nuclear power plant. This research can be divided into five parts. The first part focuses on the influence of characteristics of information content, the way to obtain information, and time pressure. Factors to be studied in the second part include information organization in interface design, interface complexity, and time pressure. The third part studies team mutual awareness enhancement and scenario complexity. The forth part is about team communication approach and scenario complexity. Finally, individual personality and cognitive style will be examined in the fifth part. Diagnosis performance to be measured and analyzed in this study include number of generated hypotheses, diagnosis efficiency, diagnosis accuracy, mental workload, team mutual awareness, etc. The outcome from this research may be helpful for improvement of human-system interface design, operation management, and human reliability analysis.

复杂工业系统运行人员的诊断失误对事故缓解和后果控制有极为严重的影响。国内外关于人员诊断绩效的研究非常有限，对于诊断可靠性的评价往往非常粗略。数字化是复杂工业系统的发展方向，针对数字化工作环境的诊断研究更是少见。本申请将以核电站数字化主控室复杂事故情境下的知识型诊断任务为背景，从信息、界面、任务、个体、班组等方面，系统研究各种因素对个体和班组诊断绩效的影响及其交互作用。主要研究内容分为五部分：研究一着重于信息的内容特征与获取方法和时间压力的影响，研究二针对界面上信息的组织方式、界面复杂度和时间压力等三个因素，研究三考虑班组相互意识支持工具和情境复杂性，研究四考虑班组沟通方式和情境复杂性，研究五则重点考虑个体因素中的个性特征和认知风格。诊断绩效包括在诊断过程中形成的假设数量、诊断效率、诊断准确性、脑力负荷、班组相互意识等。本研究将为人机系统界面设计和运行管理以及人的可靠性分析提供一定的依据。

复杂工业系统运行人员的诊断失误对事故缓解和后果控制有极为严重的影响。国内外关于人员诊断绩效的研究非常有限，对于诊断可靠性的评价往往非常粗略。数字化是复杂工业系统的发展方向，针对数字化工作环境的诊断研究更是少见。本项目以核电站数字化主控室复杂事故情境下的知识型诊断任务为背景，从信息、界面、任务、个体、班组等方面，系统研究各种因素对个体和班组诊断绩效的影响及其交互作用。主要研究内容包括：信息的内容特征（矛盾信息、缺失信息、一致信息）与获时间压力的影响；界面上信息的组织方式（反映手段-目的关系的垂直布局、反映关系的横向布局、传统布局）对诊断绩效的影响；信息获取方式（查询、过滤、查询+过滤、搜索）对诊断绩效的影响；告警系统设计对诊断绩效的影响；班组相互意识支持工具（班组沟通方式）和情境复杂性对诊断绩效的影响；个性特征和认知风格对诊断绩效的影响；绩效影响因素分析等。诊断绩效包括在诊断过程中形成的假设数量、诊断效率、诊断准确性、脑力负荷、情境意识等。本研究为人机系统界面设计和运行管理以及人的可靠性分析提供一定的依据。