江右“五尺竿”系匠人营造技艺阐释性研究

The study of the intangible heritage of local craftsmanship faces challenge of its authenticity, information fragmentation, and unbalanced research depth of genealogy zone. The main root cause is the lack of cognition of the local craftsmanship. Through the investigation and research of a large number of first-hand data, the applicant put forward the concept of “Five chi Ploe” of the craftsmanship in the southern Jiangxi area, and brought up the close relationship between the craftsmanship in the area with what mentioned in The Luban Construction Treatise and Luban’s Record-The Carpenter’s Encyclopaedia. With the method of interpretive anthropology, the project analyzes the modes of information expression and transmission in the process of crafting from subject perspectives of homeowners, craftsmen and geographers, and explores the unique conceptual significance of local coraftsman knowledge. Through construction terminology, measuring habit, the application of tools, the constructive behavior of etiquette, the acquisition of craftsmanship, and the customary style of craftsmen, the symbolic meaning is comprehensively interpreted and explained, and the characteristics of the local craftsmanship system is generalized. With mutual verification and interpretation of actual data of linguistic anthropology, architectural heritage and classic ancient literature of craftsmanship, the essence of construction heritage in Jiangxi area is deeply explained, which revealing the significance of the project on studying southern architectural history.

地方性营造技艺的非物质遗产研究面临真实性质疑、信息碎片化、谱系分区研究深度不平衡等问题。究其根本原因，主要还在于对地方营造技艺本体认知上的欠缺。申请人通过前期的工作中大量一手调查资料的调查研究，提出南方江右地区使用“五尺竿”的匠人系属概念，并提出该系属营造特征与《鲁般营造正式》及《鲁班经》之间具有直接渊源关系的观点。项目借助阐释人类学的方法，从屋主、工匠、地理先生三个营造角色的主体视角出发，分析营造过程中信息表达与传递的模式，发掘地方营造知识的独特概念意义，并且通过营造语言、用尺规律、工具使用、礼仪化的建构行为、匠人习术、匠人行俗式等层面综合进行符号意义网络的考释和构建，总结出当地营造技艺系统的独特模式，通过语言人类学的田野资料、建筑遗产实物和营造典籍文献相互之间的校验与解读，深入阐释江右地区乡土建筑遗产的本质特征，揭示出本项目研究对南方建筑史研究的重要意义。

申请人通过大量田野调查工作，对南方江右地区使用“五尺竿”的匠人系派别进行了梳理，项目借助阐释人类学的方法，对当地残留的营造技艺碎片化信息进行符号意义网络的考释和构建，从屋主、工匠、地理先生三个营造角色的主体视角出发，分析营造过程中信息表达与传递的模式。并且通过营造语言、用尺规律、工具使用、礼仪化的建构行为、匠人习术、匠人行俗式等角度，深度解读当地营造技艺系统的独特模式，对该区域营造特征与《鲁般营造正式》及《鲁班经》之间的渊源和发展关系有了更进一步的结论。进而将语言人类学的田野资料、建筑遗产实物和营造典籍文献相互之间的校验与解读形成一个意义网络，从而建立起当地民间建筑志。